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April 3 2022

IC LM2596 dc to dc buck converter module, schematic, datasheet

The LM2596 is a popular voltage regulator/ buck converter IC ideally suited for convenient design of a step−down, or you can say step-up switching regulator. With excellent line and load regulation, it can drive a total 3.0 Amps of load.

These power converters are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output. The device with an adjustable output version is internally compensated to minimize the number of external components to simplify the power supply design circuits.

In comparison with popular three-terminal linear regulators, the LM2596 buck converter is significantly more efficient due to its switch-mode power supply feature, especially when input voltage is high.

lm2596_ic_packages_module

The LM2596 operates at a higher switching frequency of 150 kHz, which means smaller sized filter capacitors would be needed as compared to lower frequency switching regulators. If talking of packaging, it is available in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several lead bend options (check datasheet), and the D2PAK surface mount package.

Note: IC CA2596 could be an alternative to LM 2596 dc to dc buck converter IC, if later is not available. Thus, you can use an IC CA2596 dc to dc buck converter for the same purpose. It has very similar working and specifications, you can use the below-mentioned schematic for CA2596 or refer to the datasheet for details.

Also check, specifications of LM2596 HV series.

Features of LM2596 series:

The main features include a max of ±4{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance at output terminals when specified input voltages and load conditions are met. External pin(5) is implemented to ON/OFF the power converter.

Available in a fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output voltage range of 1.23 V − 37 V.
Maximum of 3.0 A output load current guaranteed.
Available in TO-220 and TO-263 packages.
Wide input voltage range up to 40 Volts.
A 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator.
It requires only 4 external components.
TTL shutdown capability (for digital/ analog ON/OFF)
Low power standby mode, as low as 80 uA when in standby mode.
Internal thermal shutdown and current limit protection.

Schematic diagram of LM2596 dc to dc buck converter module:

Components required:
IC 2596 TO-220 dip package with heatsink, L1 = inductor = 33uH, R1 = 5kΩ, R2 = variable resistor 100kΩ or higher, C1 = 100uF 50V, C2 = 220uF 50V, Schottky stitching diode = IN5822 (any alternative will work).

Check below circuit diagram for adjustable dc to dc buck converter using LM 2596 ADJ schematic of the IC.

LM2596 schematic adj dc to dc buck converter CA2596

The above image is self-explanatory in terms of wiring diagram/ circuit connections. Please ensure that the input voltage must be (1.5 volts) higher than the required output voltage. Also follow ‘Circuit Design Rules’ while implementing a PCB (printed circuit board) design.

In the general, input could be between 4.5V and 40V. And the output could be derived in the range of 1.23V to 35V, and maximum up to 3 Amps.

Also check the LM2596 Resistor Calculator Tool Here!

The output of the circuit depends on the FB (feedback voltage). We just needed to add R1 and R2 to the feedback pin(4) as shown in the schematic. The feedback voltage is dependent on the value of resistor R1 and R2. Thus, to make the output voltage controllable add a variable resistor and get the desired voltage according to the following formula:

Vout = Vref(1+R2/R1)
Where, Vref= 1.23 Volts
And, R1 could be between 1KΩ to 5KΩ, choose R2 be a variable resistor.

Also check, 3.7v to 5v Boost Converter Circuit

The capacitor C1/C3 are input filter capacitor that stabilize change in DC input going to the IC. Also, capacitor C2/C4 are output filter capacitors.

If you are working on full range input and output voltages. Then you must choose output capacitor accordingly (voltage ratings must be higher than that of operating voltage range).
Also choose capacitor value as shown on this post or that of recommended in datasheets of respective IC.

Check below circuit diagram for dc to dc buck converter using fixed version of the IC.

schematic circuit of LM2596 5V fixed version

This is a 5v fixed version of the IC, you can use 3.3V and 12V version of IC as well in the above circuit. (schematic would be same for all fixed version of LM2596 IC)

Pinout diagram of LM2596:

pin out diagram of LM2596 ic

There are five total pins on the LM2596, as follows:

Pin(1)= Input voltage pin= This pin connects the input supply with the input filter capacitor to prevent voltage spikes at input.

Pin(2)= Output pin (circuit is different for fixed regulators and Adj. version)

Pin(3)= Ground pin = This pin is connected to the ground and a heatsink.

Pin(4)= Feedback pin = This pin returns feedback voltage to the internal comparators for regulation.

Pin(5)= ON/OFF = It is a negative trigger terminal, this means grounding (0 volts) will enable and 1.3 V or higher volts will disable the operations of the internal circuit. This pin is used to standby the voltage regulator circuit to current consumption as low as 80uA.

Applications of LM2596 buck converter:

In power supply circuits of lithium-ion battery chargers
Any type of load that takes 3 Amperes of current.
Simple applications where high efficiency step−down or step-up regulators are required.
Can be used as a high efficiency pre−regulator for Linear Regulators.
Negative Step−Up Converters.

LM2596 Datasheet :

For more detailed technical information on this power converter, check lm2596 IC datasheet here.
(All the datasheets and IC’s nomenclature ownership belongs to the respective semiconductor company. The purpose of this post is to elaborate the applications of popular voltage regulators)

March 28 2022

12v to 9v Converter – Best 5 circuits

smt Circuits

If are you looking for a way to power your 9V projects using a 12V power source or a 12v battery then, below is a schematics of the simple 12V to 9V converter circuits. With the right components and some basic knowledge of electronics, you can build your own converter that will step down the voltage from 12V to 9V. These converter circuits designed to use with any micro-controller, modules or any IC’s. Here we mainly use reliable linear power converters like LM7809 and LM317.

In this article, we will provide you an overview of the basic functioning of voltage conversion and guide you through the steps of building a simple 12V to 9V converter circuit.

12v to 9v converter with LM7809:

LM7809 is a fixed voltage regulator IC that reduces and regulates the input voltage in electrical circuits. A voltage regulator 12v to 9v converter with IC LM7809 is implemented as shown in the schematic diagram below. It can be used for low current application as well as for the current up to 2 Amp or more.

12v to 5v converter circuit diagram dc ic7805 Lm3809 pin out

Note that, you have to use the input capacitor ‘Cin’ and an output capacitor ‘Co’ to the IC 7809. The heat sink is necessary because the voltage-drop of 3 volts is to be dissipated as heat. There is a possibility of IC being destroyed if the heat-sink is not connected. The input-output voltage difference here is 3volts which is more than the recommended value of 2.5Volts.

Components required:
A 12v battery/ 12V adopter supply, 100uF capacitor, 0.1uF capacitor, IC LM7809, a Heat-sink, wires, and connectors.

Working:

The IC has a lot of built-in features like thermal shutdown, short circuit protection, and safe operating area protection. LM7809 is an IC of LM78xx series all the ICs in this series are made for different fixed output voltages. These types of ICs are commonly used in regulated power supply circuits.

LM7809 a linear transformer IC. The digits ‘xx‘ represents the value of the o/p regulated volts. The 7809 IC gives 9V DC as the digit ‘xx‘ in last represents (09). Pin 1 is the input pin. Pin 2 is the ground pin. Pin 3 is the output pin.

LM317 12v to 9v converter:

A 12v to 9v dc converter can also be made with a versatile IC LM317 linear voltage regulator. It is useful for medium to high current circuits (1 Ampere to 1.5 ampere+) with the proper heat-sink.

Generally, LM317 is found at variable power supply circuits that give regulated voltage (1.25V to 37V) on changing the voltage on pin no.1. Here, the voltage divider circuit is used with LM317 gives a fixed o/p of 9v.

lm317 12v to 9v converter dc to dc IC LM 317 pin diagram pin-out

Important:
It is insisted to add an input capacitor Cin (also the o/p capacitor Co). A heat-sink is a must to cool down the IC from the heat generated inside the IC. The i/p voltage must be at least 1.5V greater than the rated output voltage for this IC to be operated as described.

Components required:
A 12v battery/ 12V power source, a 2.2k ohm resistor, 300-ohm resistor 100uF capacitor, 0.1uF capacitor, IC LM317, a Heat-sink.

Working:
The LM317 is an adjustable voltage regulator IC competent of supplying more than …

(for more detail on LM317 regulator and its working go to this link)

12v to 9v converter using resistors as a voltage divider:

The schematic below shown below is the circuit for low current (~20 mA) applications, or to take reference voltage in comparator circuit or low current drawing circuit of an LED. You can drive three LEDs in series across the o/p of R2 resistor if you are using a 12volt battery in the input end.

This type of circuit is not efficient circuits, thus not recommended for use in project circuits.

Components required:

One 12v battery, 300-ohm resistor, 1k resistor, some wires. It is just a voltage-divider circuit. You can obtain the output according to your need with this formula:

Where, Vo is the o/p voltage. Vin is the source voltage. Pick any resistor value either R1 or R2 (also depends on load impedance) and solve for other. Then choose the nearest std. value of the resistor.

12v to 9v converter using zener diode:

The circuit shown below zener voltage regulator schematic, it is useful for (1-900mA) medium current drawing circuit eg. LED indicators, transistor switches, Arduino, etc

Use this 12v to 9v converter (DC to DC) circuit with any other circuit across the 9.1v zener diode. You will get about 9.1V at the output.

Important:
The load must be connected to the output end to prevent zener from getting damaged.
Series resistor 10 ohm is a current limiting resistor and when high current is drawn it has to pass that current through it, thus 5-watt resistor is necessary.

Components required:
A 12v battery, 10-ohm resistor (≥10 ohms), 9.1V zener diode (5W), some wires or connectors.

Working:
It is the most common circuit of zener diode in voltage regulator configuration. Design 9volt zener voltage regulator from a 12volt power supply source. The maximum power rating …

For detail calculation and formulae search for 9v to 5v converter article on this website.

Simple 12 Volt to 9 Volt DC-DC Converter using transistor:

These types of schematics are outdated but still found in several peripherals. This is the transistor- zener voltage regulator in EC mode:

coming soon…

lm1117 3.3 v circuit_ 5v to 3.3 v converter using LM1117 and ASM1117

March 20 2022

5v to 3.3v Converter Circuit and Module – Detail Schematics

smt Blog, Circuits

Certain electronic devices, components, IC’s, sensors or microcontrollers designed to work on 3.3V DC supply as a power source.

While working on some projects with standard power supply (say) 5 volts or higher, some modules/ circuits would require lower 3.3Volts. Here, in this post we will be discussing some of the simplest voltage regulator circuits designed using linear regulator IC LM/ AMS1117, LM3940, etc.

These circuits can also be used to step down or reduce 5V/ 9v available supply potential to 3.3v so as to use it with microcontroller, modules or any IC’s.
A 5v to 3.3v converter circuit can be implemented using various ways like using linear voltage regulator, boost converter/ switching converter, resistor/ voltage divider, zener regulator, etc. You could choose the right circuit or module according to the requirements of the applications.

It is always recommended to use reliable linear power converters like ASM-LM1117/ LM3940/ XL6009 etc.

5v to 3.3v converter with LM1117/ ASM1117

LM1117 3.3V is a fixed voltage linear regulator IC that reduces and regulates the higher input voltage to a fixed 3.3V DC. It is suitable for low current application as well as for the current up to 800 mA.

IC AMS1117 comes with several variants, hence pick the proper IC. By using this linear voltage regulator circuit, we can convert 5V to 3.3V without taking up a lot of circuit space.

IC LM1117 3.3 v circuit is implemented as shown in the schematic diagram below:

Components required:

1X 10uF capacitor
1X 22uF capacitor
IC LM1117T- 3.3v or ASM1117- 3.3V
Heat-sink, wires, and connectors.

Features:

This IC has built-in features like current limiting and thermal protection, and thermal shutdown.
Low dropout voltage regulation with a dropout of 1.2v
Delivers output current upto 800mA
Output voltage accuracy within ±1%
Fewer external components

LM1117 is an IC of LM1117x series; the different ICs in this series are made for different output voltages. A common use for these ICs are in regulated power supply circuits.

Click here to check 9v to 5v converter circuit

ASM1117 is an alternative to LM1117, they could be used as a replacement for each other.

An adjustable version of the LM1117 is also available, this version can be set to output voltages ranging from 1.25 to 13.8 V using only two external resistors. Additionally, it is available in five variations of fixed voltage, 1.8 V, 2.5 V, 3.3 V, and 5 V.

For pin-out diagram of LM1117 3.3 V circuit, the Pin 3 is the input pin, while Pin 1 is the ground pin and Pin 2 is the output pin.

Applications:
AC drive power stage module, Industrial AC/DC applications, Ultrasound scanners, servo drive control modules.

(video for reference only, you can replace capacitor value according to applications and availability)

(Scroll down for more detailed information on this module IC, check the datasheet at the end of the page)

Check simple 5V to 12V converter circuit

LM3940 5v to 3.3v converter circuit:

The LM3940 is a 1 ampere low-dropout regulator designed to provide a 3.3V regulated output from a 5V supply. It is useful for medium current range of up to 1 Ampere.

The LM3940 is ideally suitable for systems where both 5V and 3.3V logics are required. As the LM3940 has a minimum 1.2V dropout, it is able to maintain 3.3V regulated output with input voltage as low as 4.5 V.
Due to its TO-220 package, the LM3940 is capable of delivering 1 A of load current without the need for additional heatsink.

Components required:

5V power source
10uF capacitor
33uF capacitor
IC LM3904- 3.3 V

Features:

Wide input range of 4.5V to 5.5V
Specified 1A output current
Short circuit protection
Built-in over-heat protection

Pin 3 is the output pin. Pin 1 is the input pin. Pin 2 is the ground pin. The output voltage at pin no. 3 may vary between 3.20 to 3.40 volts. The typical output will be 3.3 volts when junction temperature Tj=25℃.
For pinout diagram and detail technical information on this IC check datasheet at the end of the page.

Application:
Motherboards of computers/ laptop, logic systems, power supply to IC’s, modules and peripherals.

You might be interested in 3.7v to 5v boost converter circuit

5v to 3.3 v dc dc boost converter using Xl6009:

Using the dc dc boost converter module with IC XL6009, you can achieve 3.3V stable DC voltage output at the input voltage level of 5.0V. It incorporates an N-channel power Mosfet and oscillator, and its current mode architecture provides stable operation across a wide input voltage range.

Components required:
Ic XL6009
Inductor L≥33uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) D1=SS34
2 ✕ Capacitor C≥22uF
R5 = 1.65 kΩ
R6 = 1 kΩ

For required output, this programmable IC needs to be configured by changing the feedback voltage(FB), which is done by changing the value of R5 And R6.

The value of R5 and R6 can be determined using this formula:
Vo=1.25(1+R5/R6)
Where 1.25= Vref (reference voltage of the IC)
Here, we need Vo = 3.3V, then assume the value of either R5 or R6 then find for the other.
E.g. choose R6=1.0kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R3=1.65kΩ. Hence, the values.

Contains a thermal shutdown feature, preventing the module from overheating in the event of a circuit failure. Operating at a frequency range of 400-480KHz, this boost converter typically delivers an output efficiency of 94%.

Features:

Wide input voltage ranges from 5V to 32V
Ripple/ Voltage regulation: ± 0.5%.
Typical conversion efficiency: ~94%.
Refer to the datasheet/ module specification for precise technical parameters.

Application:
High efficiency DC to DC voltage conversion, electronic device applications, etc.

5v to 3.3v converter using zener diode:

The circuit shown below zener voltage regulator schematic, it is useful for medium current drawing circuit e.g. LED indicators, transistor switches, Arduino modules etc

Use this 5v to 3.3v zener regulator (DC to DC) circuit to get required 3.3 volts. You will get approx 3.3V at the output.

Components required:
20-ohm resistor (≥10 ohms), 3.3V zener diode (5W), some wires or connectors.

Important:
The load must be connected to the output end to prevent zener from getting damaged. A series resistor 20 ohms is a current limiting resistor and when high current is drawn, to avoid damage a 5-watt resistor should be used.

Working:
It is the most common circuit of zener diode in voltage regulator configuration. For detailed calculation and formula, click here > zener regulator part of this post.

5v to 3.3 v resistor circuit as a voltage divider:

Voltage divider circuit 5v to 3.3 v resistor has somewhat limited applications. The schematic shown below is the circuit for low current applications, or to take reference voltage in a comparator circuit or low current drawing circuit of an LED (output current also depends on load resistance).

You can drive a LED in across the o/p of R2 resistor if you are using a 5 volt power supply at the input end.

Components required:
590-ohm resistor and 1.15k resistor

It is just a voltage-divider circuit. You can get the output according to your need with this formula:

Whereas, Vo is the o/p voltage. Vin is the input voltage. Choose either R1 or R2 as your resistor value and solve for other. Then select the nearest standard value of the resistor.

Datasheets of Boost converter IC:

Datasheet and pinout diagram of IC LM1117 3.3 v circuit

Datasheet and pinout diagram of IC LM3940 3.3 v circuit

(all the IC’s and datasheet mentioned here are strictly belongs to respective semiconductor company)

Conclusion:

The consolidated effort has been taken to conclude the best possible simplified information on these linear voltage converter/ boost converter ICs, the ultimate aim of this article is to put forward how to use popular predesigned ICs/ modules available in the market.

February 23 2022

Best 3.7v to 12v Boost Converter Circuit & Modules

smt Blog, Circuits

Looking for the 3.7v to 12v boost converter circuit? In this article, we’ll discuss a few of these, using a high-efficiency DC to DC step-up converter IC. These step-up DC to DC boost converters are generally available as a module on sale online.
There are many to choose from, for this post we will focus on the boost converter module based on the popular DC- DC switching regulator IC.

It is suggested to buy a DC to DC Step-Up module for just a power supply needed in a project around a microcontroller or to power the peripherals. The reason for this is that some modules have adjustable output voltages that could be useful in various situations. Also, it is designed in a compact space.

The information on this page would be very useful if you are planning a project involving buck converters/ power supply circuits.

Keep reading, as in this post you’ll walk through the introduction and circuitry of DC to DC Boost Converter & Modules, also covering the datasheet, pinout, features, and intended applications.

Let’s get started.
So we can implement 3.7v to 12v boost converter circuit using :LM2577, MT3608, XL6009, and so on

3.7v to 12v Boost Converter circuit using IC LM2577

With the voltage boost converter module using IC Lm2577-ADJ, you can achieve 12V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage levels as low as 3V and up to 40V. The LM2577 is designed with an 3.0A NPN switch, also combined with a protection circuit consisting of current limiting and thermal limiting.

Consequently, this programmable IC must be configured by adjusting the feedback voltage, which is determined by changing R5 and R6. In order to provide the feedback voltage, a voltage divider circuit is incorporated. These DC-DC boost converter modules operate at the frequency 48-53KHz.

Above 3.7v to 12v boost converter circuit is implemented using variable output IC Lm2577-ADJ.
This can be implemented using a fixed output 12v switching IC Lm2677T-12 which comes under the lm2577 series step-up voltage regulator.

Components required:
IC Lm2577-ADJ
Inductor L3≥100uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) D3=IN5821
Capacitor: Cout≥680uF, Cin=0.1uF, Comp=0.33uF, R7=2.2kΩ
R6 = 2.0kΩ
R5 = 17.4kΩ

The value of R5 and R6 can be determined using this formula:
Vo=1.23(1+R5/R6)
Where 1.23= Vref (reference voltage of the IC)

Here, we need Vo = 12V, then assume the value of either R5 or R6 then find for the other.
Eg. choose R6=2.0kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R5=17.4kΩ. Hence, the values.

There could be a difference between ‘Operating Ratings’ and ‘Absolute maximum Ratings’ of the boost up converter. They could also operate at absolute ratings, but it is recommended to run them under maximum operating ratings. And for that you might need to refer to the datasheets.

Check 5v to 12v dc dc boost converter schematic circuit here

Features:

Requires few external components.
Soft start function (low initial current to avoid current ripple/ spike, helps reduce high in-rush current during start-up).
Capable of handling maximum output current up to 3.0 Amp and maximum output voltage of 60V .
Internal oscillator having 52KHz frequency.
Conversion efficiency up to 92%, (higher the output voltage higher is the efficiency).
Refer to the datasheet/ module specification for more technical parameters.

Application:
Simple boost regulator, fly-back and forward regulators, multiple output regulators.

You can also use this circuit as 5v to 12v converter, the reason behind this is that according to the datasheet this IC can convert any voltage above 3v to required voltage.

You can check 3.7v to 5v boost converter circuit here.

3.7v to 12v Step up Converter using IC MT3608

Components required:
IC MT3608 series
Inductor L≥22uH
Switching diode/ (Schottky diode); D=SS34
2 ✕ Capacitor C≥22uF
R1 = 21kΩ
R2 = 1.1kΩ

The value of R1 and R2 can be determined using this formula:
Vo=0.6(1+R1/R2)
Where 0.6= Vref (internal reference voltage of the IC)

Here, we need Vo = 12V, so let’s take either R1 or R2 as our starting point and find for the other.
Eg. choose R2=1.1kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R1=21kΩ. Hence, the values.

With the voltage boost converter module with IC MT3608, you can achieve 12V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage above 2.0V. Under-voltage lockout occurs if the input voltage drops below 1.98V.
This IC is designed to work with small and lightweight external components, serve to be installed in small & compact spaces. Automatically detect light loads, continue to operate without shutting off.

It depends on the input voltage and current, the amount of the maximum stable output current is produced. For an input of 3.7v or more, the output of this IC’s can deliver a maximum of 2.0A. These DC-DC boost converter modules operate at the frequency ≥1.2MHz, the typical output is 93% efficient.

Features:

Thermal overload protection in case of output overload.
Input voltage could be between from 2.0 to 24V
Maximum output current up to 2.0 Amps.
% and at optimal performance)
The typical switching frequency is ~1.2MHz.
Typical conversion efficiency: up to 93%

Applications:
Battery-powered portable equipment, set-top box, LCD driver supply, Wi-Fi Router.

(Scroll down for more detailed information on this module IC, check the datasheet of IC MT3608 at the end of the page)

Important note: Mentioned circuit designs are implemented using ADJ versions of voltage converter ICs, keep in this thought that fixed output voltage version of the respective ICs are also available. Make sure to use it accordingly. Check datasheet for part number of fixed version and adj version of all boost converter ICs.

3.7v to 12v DC- DC boost Converter using IC XL6009

Using the voltage boost converter module with IC XL6009, you can achieve 12V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage levels between 3V and 32V. The XL6009 is designed with an N-channel power MOSFET and oscillator, and its current mode architecture provides stable operation across a wide input as well output voltage range.

This programmable IC thus needs to be configured by changing the feedback voltage, which is done by changing the value of R3 And R4. For obtaining the required feedback voltage, a voltage divider circuit is used.

Components required:
Inductor L≥33uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) D1=SS34
2 ✕ Capacitor C≥22uF
R3 = 8.6kΩ
R4 = 1kΩ

The value of R3 and R4 can be determined using this formula:
Vo=1.25(1+R3/R4)
Where 1.25= Vref (reference voltage of the IC XL6009)

Here, we need Vo = 12V, then assume the value of either R3 or R4 then find for the other.
Eg. choose R4=1.0kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R3=8.6kΩ. Hence, the values.

Equipped with thermal shut function, to prevent overheating of the module in case of circuit fault. The output current of this IC can be tested for different voltages according to the given input voltage before application. Typical output efficiency of this DC-DC boost converter is 94% while operating at the frequency range of 400-480KHz.

Features:

Wide input voltage ranges from 3V to 32V.(optimum operating voltage is 5V – 32V).
It is able to deliver a maximum output current of 4.0 Amp.
Typical switching frequency 400KHz.
Ripple/ Voltage regulation: ± 0.5%.
Typical conversion efficiency: ~94%.
Refer to the data sheet/ module specification for precise technical parameters.

Applications:
High efficiency DC-DC voltage conversion, portable electronic equipment applications, etc.

Data-sheets of Boost converter IC

Datasheet of IC LM2577

(all the IC’s and data sheet mentioned here belongs to respective semiconductor company)

Conclusion:

The consolidated effort has been taken to conclude the best possible simplified information on these modules and ICs, the ultimate aim of this article is to convey how to use DC- DC Step Up converter modules built with popular pre-designed ICs available in the market. Use your own experience/ observations before reaching a final conclusion.

February 18 2022

Best 3.7v to 5v Boost Converter Circuit & Module

smt Blog, Circuits

Looking for the 3.7v to 5v boost converter circuit diagram? So here we will be discussing some of them, using high-efficiency DC to DC switching regulator IC. These step-up DC to DC boost converters are usually ready-made modules available on sale online.
There are many to choose from, but this post will take you through the boost converter module designed with the popular switching regulator ICs.

It is suggested to just purchase a DC to DC Step-up module for just a power supply needed in a project around a micro-controller or to drive the peripherals. This is because some modules come with an adjustable output voltage that would come in handy if required in different scenarios. Also, it is designed in a compact space.

If you are someone making a project that is around a buck converter/ power supply circuit, then information on this page would be very useful for you.

Keep reading, as in this post you’ll walk through the introduction and circuitry of DC to DC Boost Converter & Power Modules, also covering the data sheet, pin-out, features, and intended applications.

We’ll get right into it.
So we can implement 3.7v to 5v using : IC MC2108Axx, MT3608, XL6009, and many more. All the ICs are having PWM, switching and voltage regulating capabilities. Boost buck converter can also be called constant current drivers.

3.7V to 5V Boost Converter using IC MC 2108Axx

With the voltage boost converter module with IC series ME2108Axxx, you can achieve 5V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage levels between 0.9V and 5V. This small circuit boosts the voltage level and provides the amplified, stabilized 5V output. This IC is designed such that it requires minimal external components.

The amount of current required to produce a stable output varies, depending on the input voltage range. For an input of 3v or more, the output of this IC is limited to a maximum of 480mA at 5V. These DC-DC boost converter modules operate at the frequency ~160KHz, the typical output is 85% efficient.

The below image shows a schematic of the simplest 3.7 to 5v boost converter using ME21008A.

Components required:

Inductor L≥22uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) I=SS14
IC ME2108A series
Capacitor C≥22uF

Features:

Small in size and lightweight
Wide input voltage range from 0.9 to 3.7V
Maximum output current: 480 mA at 5V (at input voltage more than 3.5V)
The input of 3V gives 5V at ~400 mA.
Typical conversion efficiency: up to 85%
Ripple/ Voltage regulation: ± 2.5%

Application:
Battery powered devices/ portable equipment, low current circuits, any module that needs higher voltage from lithium 3.7v volt battery, etc

If you want to use 18650 lithium-ion battery or any 3.7v battery as a 5v battery supply then, check power bank circuit, this might help.

3.7V to 5V DC-DC Step up Converter circuit using IC MT3608

With the voltage boost converter module with IC MT3608, you can achieve 5V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage above 2.0V. If voltage drops below 1.98V the IC will undergo an ‘under voltage lockout’.
This IC is designed to work with small and lightweight external components so as to be installed in small & compact spaces.

The below image shows a schematic of a 3.7 to 5v boost converter using IC MT3608:

The amount of current required to produce a stable output varies, depending on the input voltage range. For an input of 3.7v or more, the output of this IC’s can deliver a maximum of a 2000mA. (for that, input supply must be capable of delivering higher current). These DC-DC boost converter modules operate at the frequency ≥1.2MHz, the typical output is 93% efficient.

Components required:
Inductor L≥22uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) I=SS34
IC MT3608 series
2 ✕ Capacitor C≥22uF
R1 = 110kΩ
R2 = 15kΩ

The value of R1 and R2 can be determined using this formula:

Vo=0.6(1+R1/R2)
Where 0.6= Vref (internal reference voltage of the IC)

Here, we need Vo = 5V, then assume the value of either R1 or R2 then find for the other.
E.g. choose R2=15kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R1=110kΩ. Hence, the values.

Features:

Thermal overload protection in case of output overload.
Wide input voltage range from 2.0 to 24V.
Maximum output current up to 2 Amps at 5V
(for higher η% and optimal performance, input should be voltage more than 3.0V)
Typical switching frequency ~1.2MHz.
Typical conversion efficiency: up to 93%

Application:
Battery-powered equipment, set-top box, LED bias supply, DSL, Cable Modem and Router, networking cards powered from PCI or PCI express slots.

(Scroll down for more detailed information on this IC module, check the data sheet at the end of the page)

Also check, 3.7v to 12V boost converter schematic

You can also implement 3.7v to 5v using IC LM2596 dc to dc boost converter as this power converter IC is also popularly used everywhere (LM2596 have similar features as that of IC XL6009).

Important note: Mentioned circuit designs are implemented using ADJ versions of voltage converter ICs, keep in this thought that fixed output voltage version of the respective ICs are also available. Make sure to use it accordingly. Check datasheet for part number of fixed version and adj version of all boost converter ICs.

DC-DC Buck Converter circuit using IC XL6009

With the voltage boost converter module/ pwm switching regulator with IC XL6009,
You can achieve 5V stable DC voltage output at a wide range of input voltage levels between 3V and 32V. The XL6009 is designed with an N-channel power Mosfet and oscillator, also its current mode architecture results in stable operation over a wide input and output voltages.

This programmable IC thus needs to be configured by adjusting the feedback voltage, which is fixed by changing the value of R1 And R2. There is a need to use a voltage divider circuit for the required feedback voltage.

The below image shows a schematic of a 3.7 to 5v boost converter using IC XL6009:

The amount of stable output current required depends on the input voltage and current capacity. The output current of this IC can be tested for different voltages according to the required input voltage. These DC-DC boost converter modules operate at the frequency 400-480KHz, the typical output is 94% efficient.

Components required:
Inductor L≥33uH
Switching diode (Schottky diode) D1=SS34
2 ✕ Capacitor C≥22uF
R3 = 3kΩ
R4 = 1kΩ

The value of R1 and R2 can be determined using this formula:

Vo=1.25(1+R3/R4)
Where, 1.25= Vref (reference voltage of the IC)

Here, we need Vo = 5V, then assume the value of either R3 or R4 then find for the other.
Eg. choose R4=1kΩ, put the value in the formula, we get R3=3kΩ. Hence the values.

Features:

Compact in size.
Wide input voltage ranges from 3V to 32V.(optimum operating voltage is 5V – 32V).
Capable of delivering maximum input current of 4 Amp.
Typical switching frequency 400KHz.
Ripple/ Voltage regulation : ± 0.5%.
Typical conversion efficiency: ~94%.
Refer to the datasheet/ module specification for more technical parameters.

Application:
High efficiency DC-DC voltage conversion, micro-controller peripheral supply, etc.

Datasheets of Boost converter IC

links

IC ME21008A datasheet
IC MT3608 datasheet
IC XL6009 datasheet

(all the ICs and datasheet mentioned here belongs to respective semiconductor company)

Conclusion:

There are several more ways to execute a 3.7v to 5v boost converter circuit diagram through methods that are not mentioned above. More circuit could be updated in this using different ICs in due time. The consolidated effort has been taken to conclude the best possible simplified information on these modules and IC’s, the ultimate aim of this article is to convey how to use Step-up modules built with popular per-designed ICs available in the market. Use your own consent/ assent/ experience/ observations before reaching a final conclusion.

January 28 2022

USB Type C wiring diagram- Charging Cable diagram

smt Blog, Circuits

USB Type-C is a new replacement for the earlier micro USB connector system. Almost all the new budget smartphones that are being released every few weeks come with micro USB C due to their gaining popularity across the smartphone and gadgets section. The major advantage of USB C over the previous micro USB is its port compatibility on either sides of device i.e it can be inserted upside down or vice versa without any technical disadvantage.

In this article, we will discuss the most important features of the USB-C other than its ability to flip for which it is most popular. The following information will be helpful to electronics hobbyists and to anyone who is trying to learn the different types of Universal Serial Bus or for any sort of USB C wiring repair work.

Before getting into the USB C wiring diagram, you can check the detail on the USB C pinout and explanation of what each pin does. If you want to know the usb which is used to be one of the most commonly used usb standards then check the older micro USB pin-out and wiring diagram.

USB Type C wiring diagram PD (Power Delivery) & USB 2.0 Data

There can be three possible ways of USB C wiring:

USB C charger cable wiring diagram:
The first one is USB type C to USB A male that comes with a mobile phone charger in the box. This cable is capable of transferring data from/ to personal computers as well as charging the smartphone. In this, there you could find two versions viz., USB 2.0 & USB 3.0. Out of which USB 3.o has more connecting wires and supports high data transferring speed than that of USB 2.0.

USB C OTG wiring diagram:
The second one is USB type C to USB A female which is also known as USB C OTG cable. USB OTG cable comes in handy when transferring files and photos from a USB pen drive to a mobile phone or vice versa without connecting either a mobile phone or external storage device to a Laptop or PC. Also, it supports pointing device like mouse and full external keyboard for typing. USB C OTG also comes with this USB2.0 and USB3.0 formats.

USB C to USB C wiring diagram: These cables support high-speed data transfer up to 10Gbps, it is incorporated with the USB 3.1 version. It has the USB C port on both the end, which makes the connection very easy as you won’t need to use your brain to check port orientation on either side.

USB type C wiring diagram with male USB 2.0 type A:

The cable shown in above image is typically found used in mobile chargers for charging mobile devices and as a USB data cable to connect mobile devices for transferring files and images between personal computers and phones.
Under the latest development they are called Power Delivery (PD) cable. PD cables are only designed to charger the mobile and laptop devices. Only PD supported cables doesn’t support data transfer. But most of the cables supports both power delivery and USB 2.0 470 Mbps data transfer rate. Small cables that comes with bluetooth neckband/ headphones are made for charging only that too for lower current application, and thus they are not reliable for fast mobile phone charging.

The table shows the connection between pin numbers on both the end and their function with their character symbol:

Pin no. at USB A	Pin no. at USB C	Wire code	Description	Symbol
1	A4, B4, A9, B9	Red	+5V (dc power)	VCC/ VBUS
2	A7	White	Data- (data from device to host)	D-
3	A6	Green	Data+ (data from host to device)	D+
4	A1, B1, A12, B12	Black	0V (dc ground)	GND
NC	A5*	-	Configuration Channel 1 (VBUS through resistance Rp =5.6kΩ)	CC1

According to the USB standard power supply is +5V. (but note that the capacity of the maximum output current supply is different for different USB versions).
Pin no.1 from USB type A male is connected to the Pin no A4, A9, B4, B9, of micro USB C. This pin is named, the power supply (+VDD/ VBUS) through that pin the power is supplied to the device or any equipment which is also an indicator of handshake signal, that convey the system that “the device is connected”.
Pin no.4 from USB type A male is connected to the Pin no A1, A12, B1, B12, of micro USB C. This pin named the ground supply (GND) through that pin ground signal is connected.
Pin no.3 from USB type A male is connected to the Pin no. A6 of micro USB C.
Pin no.2 from USB type A male is connected to the Pin no. A7 of micro USB C. Both Pin no. 2/A7 (D-) and pin no. 3/A6 (D+) are used as a differential data pin in each port. Data is sent from and received from the differential data pins in a specific format, called USB protocol.
Whereas, the color code for the wire used in the USB C cable is Red, White, Green, Grey/Black for pin numbers 1, 2, 3 & 4 respectively.
Note: In some cables, it could be found that Pin no. A5 is not connected to anything at the USB C side. As, low-end manufacturers avoid it to reduce time and money to some extent. But good quality expensive cable has A5 connected.
It is suggested to connect A5 at USB port C side according to recommendations.

The USB C wiring diagram below shows the “ USB type C to micro USB 2.0 type cable assembly” diagram:

USB charging cable and USB OTG cable have the same cable assembly diagram apart from their ports. (USB 2.0 type A male/ female have same wiring only difference is port).
This means, out of two ends, one end is common viz, USB C PORT, and another end could be either a USB A male or USB A female. This serves two different purposes USB charging/data cable and USB OTG cable respectively.

*Important: Note that pin A5 /(CC) shall be connected in series with resistor Rp= 5.1kΩ/ 5.3kΩ/ 5.6kΩ with the +5v supply (VBUS). The value of Rp determines the current capability of the cable/ device for which it is designed.
For a good quality USB cable, it is recommended to have internal shielding on all wires inside, with 360-degree shield termination on both ends.
This shielding is often named SHELL/ SHIELD/ BRAID. They are conducting in nature and grounded at ends.
The purpose of shielding is to prevent unwanted RF interference and noise signals.

USB C to USB A 3.0/3.1/3.2 type cable wiring diagram:

Click here to check USB C 3 cable pinout and wiring

January 7 2022

Tesla 4680 Battery Specification Updated

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Tesla has introduced its game-changing 4680 battery cell a while ago, that was a significant advancement in battery technology. This innovative cell offers larger dimensions, resulting in a six-fold increase in power and a five-fold boost in energy capacity compared to Tesla’s previous 21700 cells. While the larger cell size itself isn’t entirely new concept in the industry, similar dimensions have been explored by companies like Panasonic.

But, Tesla’s unique take on the 4680 battery brings notable advancements to the table. The 4680 battery’s unique design, featuring a larger form factor and a tab-less configuration, enhances its performance significantly. This battery represents a major leap in sustainable energy and transportation. In this post, we’ll explore the known and potential specifications of the 4680 battery.

What are Tesla 4680 battery specifications?

The 4680 battery is a Li-ion battery named after its 46mm × 80mm cylindrical size (diameter × height).
When compared to 21700 size and 18650 type cells, the height and diameter both are larger. It is on the way to replace the 21700 battery which is currently being used in Tesla electric cars.

The 4680 battery type would be popular in rechargeable and high current draining devices considering its higher degree of capabilities like charge cycle and higher energy density.

Check this article on 21700 vs 18650 battery side by side comparison.

Key Specifications of the Tesla 4680 Battery:

The 4680 battery holds several notable specifications that come up with exceptional performance and intrigue. While specific properties may vary depending on the manufacturer’s propitiatory technology, here are some common specifications:

Size/Dimension: The Tesla 4680 battery measures approximately 46mm in diameter and 80mm in length, offering an increased volume for enhanced capacity and power.
Capacity: With the larger form factor, the 4680 battery is estimated to have a maximum capacity of around 25- 26Ah, surpassing the 5600mAh capacity of the 2170 cells.
Weight: Although the weight of 4680 battery has not been published officially , preliminary evaluations suggest that the 4680 battery could be 355g per cell.

4680 battery specs table:

The 4680 battery specification includes its properties like the voltage, capacity, charge-discharge cycle, output current, output voltage, and so on. This is a generalized specs of 4680 Li-ion battery, only properties marked with the remark of “Standard” are common to all 4680 batteries else not.

Furthermore, other properties such as the capacity (mAh), the charge-discharge cycle, varies depending on the manufacturer’s technologies. All 4680 battery specs are listed in the table in detail.

Properties	Specifications	Remark
Component type	Battery/ Cell	Power supply
Battery type	Li-ion	Technology
Model No	4680	Tesla 4680 battery
Size/ dimension	46 ✖ 80 mm	Standard (dd ✖ hh)
Voltage	3.7 volt	Nominal (std).
Capacity	25- 26Ah	Per cell (estimated max)
Operating voltage	2.5- 4.2 volt	Range (std.)
Cutoff voltage	2 - 2.5 volts	Check respective datasheet
Weight	~355 gms	(estimated)
Charge density (Energy per cell)	96-99 Wh	Energy (at 3.7V estimated)
Charge discharge cycle	~1500	(1000 to 2000) in number (depends on nature of charging)
Continuous discharge current	20- 35 amps (estimated)	-
Optimum /Minimum charging time	2.5 hrs to 3.5 hrs	Per cell
Shelf life	36+ months	-
Charging method	CC and CV	-
Charging voltage	4.2v- 5v	5 volt max per cell
Output current	-	check C rating*
Charging current	-	check C rating*
Internal resistance	(not-available)	Check datasheet
Self discharge	6 - 10 %	Per month

*internal space is the space that could be utilized for purposes such as protection circuit or for anode/cathode terminals collectively.

4680 battery specification

The specs mentioned in this post other than battery size, capacity and power are very much same. The nominal output voltage, the charging voltage, battery life would remain similar as the base technology is still same, that is lithium ion.

4680 battery size / dimension:

The 4680 battery length is 80mm. The diameter of the 4680 battery is 46mm.

To be more precise, it has an approximate length of 80mm and an approximate diameter is 46mm. Thus you could find specifications written as (say) 46 ± 0.41mm ✖ 80 ± 0.25mm on the datasheet and features of the Li-ion cell.

4680 battery capacity:

As we know that the 2170 cell that currently being manufactured are having a maximum capacity of 5600 mAh and engineering analyst says that the new 4680 Tesla cell would be around ~25,946 mAh @ 96Wh per cell (considering the increase in the size, and new overlapping method, eventually the volume of the battery – source)

4680 battery weight:

The weight of new Tesla cell is evaluated to be not more than 355gms per cell. But this is not the confirmed officially yet by Tesla. It will be updated here as soon as it is confirmed by reliable sources.

Advantage of 4680 over previous 21700 batteries:

Due to the increase in length and diameter, the overall volume of the cell has increased, thus, with this development, it is claimed that there will be a 5x increase in capacity and a 6x increase in power. Also expected the improvement of 56% in Tesla’s cost per kWh as compared to the previous battery pack.
(more information on Tesla battery development here)

4680 battery data sheet:

The datasheet specifications describes the technical parameters and standard tested output of each for the particular component or module.
There are currently ‘No datasheets’ of 4680 batteries available. This is due to the reason that these batteries are in a development phase, also Tesla is the only one working on these batteries. All the datasheets will be mentioned here once its available.

December 10 2021

LED driver detail working- How to choose the right one?

smt Blog

An LED driver is an electronic device that regulates the output voltage required to power an LED or LED array. The LED driver is also known as LED power supply. They provide LEDs with the specific voltage two functions so as to perform with full efficiency.
LEDs are well known for low power consumption along with long life-span.

Below is the explanation to the need of an LED driver, what actually LED driver do and what is inside an LED driver.

What is the need of an LED driver?

The operation of all LED light sources requires a driver. Typically, an individual LED light functions within a voltage range of 1.2 to 2.7 volts, and in some cases up to three volts, using direct current (DC) power. However, the typical domestic power supply is alternating current (AC) in nature, with a voltage of 120 or 230 volts, depending on the country. As a result, it is impossible to directly power an LED with an AC power source.

LED bulbs, found in homes, consist of arrays of LEDs connected in series or parallel to each other. These arrays require a standard DC voltage, typically in the range of 5 to 24 volts. The household power supply, on the other hand, provides 120 or 230 volts, which is not suitable for powering the LED array.

This is where the concept of an LED driver comes in. An LED driver converts the 120 or 230 volts of AC power into the required 5-12 volts of DC power, making it possible to operate the LED

In addition to voltage conversion, it also regulates the voltage to a particular level this is needed in case of voltage surge that can destroy LED bulb even home appliances like TVs and ACs are affected. (TV and ACs comes with the inbuilt voltage surge protection circuit that helps them unaffected by voltage surge)

The light Fluctuations which are very common in conventional lights also eliminated by this device in LED lights, also increasing the life cycle of it.

What led drivers do:

It protects LED from damage.
Save energy consumption.
Eliminate fluctuations of output light.
It increases the lifespan.

Check how to wire a 4 way switch?

LED drivers are classified into types:

Internal LED drivers: These are inbuilt and hidden in casing LED bulb like it is shown in the image. These are not repairable as they are packed in an LED bulb which is hard to open-replace.

External LED driver: The image above showing the external light driver. This is generally provided with flat LED panels and street lights. It comes with specifications written on them so that it can be replaced if the original goes off. Thus makes it convenient for LED lights to be repaired easily.

How to choose an LED driver?

Choosing an LED driver is a troublesome task,but there are several factors to consider to ensure that the driver is compatible with your LED lighting system and provides optimal performance. Some of the key factors to consider given below:

Output Voltage and Current: It’s important to choose an LED driver that can provide the correct required output voltage and current for your LED lights. Make sure that driver have the capacity to supply higher current when required to drive the multiple LED.
Power Rating: Always make sure to choose an LED driver with a power rating that is equal to higher than the total power consumption of your LED modules.
Efficiency: Look for an LED driver with high efficiency, this will help to reduce cut power bills and heat dissipation.
Must have the feature like over-voltage, over-current and thermal protection, these feature will prevent damage to the LED modules array and increase its longevity.
Dimming Capability: If you want to be able to dim your LED lights, you’ll need to choose a driver that is compatible with your dimmer switch and can provide smooth and precise dimming control.
Type of driver: From the constant current and constant voltage driver, choosing the right one for your application is important as per the design of module.
Size and form factor: Make sure that the size and form factor of the LED driver is compatible with the space you have available for installation.
Brand and warranty: Consider the brand and warranty of the driver, it’s always better to choose a reputable brand that offers a warranty.

It is always recommended to consult with a professional or the manufacturer for specification in choosing the right LED driver for your specific application.

What is inside the LED driver?

Block diagram of the LED driver: Block diagram contains mainly four sections,
power converter that is a transformer, rectifier, filter, and regulator.
( different for SMPS power supply)

How it works?

The transformer converts higher voltage AC to the lower voltage AC. Then the function of the rectifier is to convert alternating voltage to a direct voltage. Now the voltage is passed through a filter to remove high-frequency components, then the regulator regulates the output voltage at a fixed value for all the time.

Dimming Led driver:

One major advantage of using an LED driver is that it allows for dimming control. LED lights are not dimmable when used with traditional dimmer switches, which are designed for incandescent or halogen bulbs. Dimmable LED drivers, on the other hand, allow for smooth and precise dimming of LED lights, making them suitable for a wide range of applications, such as residential and commercial lighting, as well as in stage and film production.

Only LED and drivers highlighted that they are dimmable in specification label is made to be used as dimmable.

If the specification doesn’t mention dimming on it, then it is not safe to use the product for dimming effect. Dimmable external drivers often involve a Triac so as to control the required voltage or current, or other dimming control circuits.

It is recommended to test specific LED/ dimmable supply combinations for acceptable dimming performance before the final conclusion on the specific dimmer.

How to test LED drivers?

First of all read the output specification printed on the box/ product. Secondly, note down output voltage printed on it. Now by disconnecting LED panel wires from DC output (sometime printed on driver’s PCB), use the digital multi-meter to measure the output voltage from PCB board to match the DC output with the printed output voltage.

If the voltages are the same then as printed and measured then your led-supply is good. If the voltage is less or varies with time then you can consider replacing it.

December 1 2021

21700 vs 18650 Battery Size & Technical Comparisons

smt Blog 18650 vs 21700

Along with the comparison of 21700 vs 18650 battery, this post article will elaborate on the area of application, similarity, and the difference between these batteries in detail.If you would like to purchase either a 18650 lithium battery or a 21700 battery as a substitute, then please read the information mentioned below. In most cases, people search for a 21700 battery vs 18650 because they wish to use these batteries in their projects or products and are trying to figure out which one would be the best fit for them.

This product could be electric vehicles such as bikes, mopeds, or cars, various industrial appliances or utility tools like drills and cutting machines, torch lamps, and so on.

The other reason you are searching for this information could be, ‘you are thinking to replace a 21700 battery with a 18650 battery or vice-versa’ in the devices you already have like torchlight, toys, or portable devices.

Below image showing length and diameter of 21700 vs 18650 battery:

Q. Can 18650 be used for 21700?
A. The 21700 batteries are bigger than 18650 battery so they can’t be used instead of each other. Check above image for size difference. There is an exception that, if there is an extra space in the device and battery is directly connected (without a battery holder), then they can replace each-other.

21700 vs 18650 battery which one is better?

The choice between a 21700 and 18650 battery depends on your specific requirements and the intended application. Both battery types have their own advantages and considerations. 21700 batteries have higher capacity and higher energy density as compared to the 18650 batteries. This means that 21700 cells can store more energy and provide longer operating hours.

The 18650 batteries have been widely used for many years and widely available, offering good performance for a variety of applications, including laptops, power tools, and many consumer electronics.

The 18650 vs 21700 battery looking at its properties and applications in context:

Specification	21700 cell	18650 cell	Remark
Technology	Lithium-ion	Lithium-ion	-
Dimension	21mm × 70mm	18mm × 65mm	dd×hh
Height	70 mm	65 mm	(length)
Width	21 mm	18 mm	(diameter)
Capacity	3400mAh to 5600mAh	up to 3500mAh	-
Energy density	up to 300WH/kg	up to 250Wh/kg	-
Output voltage	3.7 V	3.7 V	Nominal
Output current	~36 Amps	~25 Amps	Maximum drain current
Net weight	30 to 55 gms	55 to 75 gms	*
Efficiency	slightly lower	higher	At max. current
Cost-effectiveness	costlier	cheaper	-

* The extended range in some of the parameters is there because the battery with the same size can have different capacities and different specifications. Due to the technology and various application purposes like consumer application and the industrial application, there requires a high drain battery with larger capacity as well as a high efficient battery with lower cost thus, lower capacity. There is currently no lab performed experimental results available in forums/ communities which are directly comparing the standard 18650 and the new 21700 formats.

All the information in the above table is taken into consideration after comparing various datasheets of several lithium batteries of each type so that, we could reach a particular point in comparison.

Let’s compare some of the main parameter in depth:

The 18650 battery and 21700 battery are having the same or similar applications in all the domestic and industrial sectors. However, one is smaller in size and capacity than the other one. Thinking, the 21700 battery is slightly larger thus providing more power for a longer duration.
21700 battery indicates the size of 21 mm × 70 mm (diameter×length).
18650 battery indicates the size of 18 mm × 50 mm (diameter×length).
whereas, ‘0’ at the last indicates its cylindrical shape.
Theoretically, when seen from the dimension of 18650, it has the volume 16532 cubic mm. Similarly, a cylindrical 21700 battery has a total volume of 24233 cubic mm. Therefore, theoretically a difference of ~47% of volume.
If seen practically you can say that about 35-38% of volume is available for the actual cell inside after the remaining about 10-12% of the volume is used to incorporate or fit the extra thing like internal protection circuit, anode-cathode connections, etc.

Nearly 35 to 38% of extra volumetric space goes with a 21700 battery with respective to 18650 cells.
As we know that with the same technology and same material we can increase the capacity of Lithium-ion batteries by increasing their size, eventually the volume.

By doing so, the capacity of 21700 batteries can be made more than 35% higher than that of a common 18650 lithium-ion battery. The 18650 battery is available from about 1200mAh to 3500 mAh capacity. Also, the capacity of 21700 batteries has a capacity from 3400 mAh to 5600mAh. (see above the table of comparison)

21700 battery vs 18650 Area of Applications:

Consumer electronics devices like emergency power light, portable multimedia players and bluetooth speakers are powered with 18650 lithium batteries. But eBike, electric vehicles are using both 21700 and 18650 batteries to power them.
18650 can be found in portable devices like satellite phones, remote control toys and controllers.
Medical diagnostic instruments, Medical UPS systems, Motorized wheelchairs commonly use 21700 cells.
There are lots of applications where these cylindrical lithium batteries are used due to their high drain current and large capacity. 21700 battery made it practically possible to design very common industrial instruments like drilling, cutting and grinding with portability.

Both 18650 battery and 21700 battery over the time period proved to be highly reliable and performance-wise stable. From the energy density to the output power, the performance of the 21700 batteries has been greatly improved over those of 18650 batteries.
Although 18650 is still popular in most industries, one of the reasons new tech industries are choosing 21700 cells is due to its longer battery life and higher rated output current.

For electro-chemical and thermal properties, check this 18650 vs 21700.

November 11 2021

21700 Battery Specifications: Datasheet and Properties

smt Blog

21700 battery is one of the most popular and commonly found cells in the battery pack in electric vehicles, battery-powered construction equipment, portable power cutting/ drilling tools, the emergency torch, flashlight, etc. after 18650 battery cells. Here we have listed all the possible technical 21700 battery specifications that can be very useful in executing any technical design of your product or gadgets.

What is a 21700 battery? and specifications

The 21700 battery is a Li-ion battery named after its 21mm × 70mm cylindrical size (diameter × height). When compared to AA size and 18650 type cells, their height and diameter both are larger. They are not replacements for AA or AAA or 18650 size cells.

The 21700 battery type is popular in rechargeable and high current draining devices considering its higher degree of capabilities like 1000+ charge cycle and higher energy density.

With the 21700 Li-ion battery due to its higher energy density and power output, we are able to manufacture and use cordless power tools like portable drill machines, long-range electric vehicles, etc.
This was just an imagination a few years back to have portable power tools in the field of utility and construction like cutting and drilling tools etc.

It is good to see 21700 lithium cells gives the ability to compete and provide the replacement option to the corded tools in all-around areas by providing longer run time.

Its safety property along with its high output current and energy capacity makes this battery popular among tech industries.

The 21700 battery specs includes its properties like the voltage, capacity, charge-discharge cycle, output current, output voltage, and so on.

This is a generalized specs of 21700 Li-ion battery, only properties marked with the remark of “Standard/(std.)” are common to all 21700 batteries else not.

This is to note that other properties such as capacity (mAh), charge-discharge cycle are subjected to independent technologies. All the 21700 specs are listed in the table in detail.

21700 vs 18650 battery comparison

21700 battery specification table:

Properties	Specifications	Remark
Component type	Battery/ Cell	Power supply
Battery type	Li-ion	Technology
Model No	21700	-
Size/ dimension	21 ✖ 70 mm	Standard (dd ✖ hh)
Voltage	3.7 volt	Nominal (std).
Capacity	3500- 5600 mAh	Per cell
Operating voltage	2.5- 4.2 volt	Range (std.)
Cutoff voltage	2 - 2.5 volts	Check respective datasheet
Weight	55gms to 75gms	Depends on capacity & technology
Charge density (Energy per cell)	10.5- 13.7Wh	Energy
Charge discharge cycle	500 to 2000	In number ()
Continuous discharge current	20- 35 amps	-
Optimum /Minimum charging time	2.5 hrs to 3.5 hrs	Per cell
Shelf life	36+ months	-
Charging method	CC and CV	-
Charging voltage	4.2v- 5v	5 volt max
Output current	-	check C rating*
Charging current	-	check C rating*
Internal resistance	-	Check datasheet
Self discharge	6 - 10 %	Per month

Always check the datasheet as above information is a general specs.

21700 battery size / dimension:

The Standard 21700 battery size is 21 ✖ 70mm.

The 21700 battery length is 70mm.

The diameter of the 21700 battery is 21mm.

To be more precise, it has an approximate length of 70mm and an approximate diameter is 21mm but technically 21700 cell size is allowed with some tolerance in length and diameter.

Thus you could find specifications written as (say) 21 ± 0.41mm ✖ 70 ± 0.25mm on the datasheet and features of the li-ion cell.

Just remember 21 ✖ 70mm as a standard size, the remaining things will be taken care of by designers and manufacturers of devices and batteries.

21700 battery data sheet:

The data sheet specification describes the technical parameters and standard tested output of each for the particular component or module.
Here we have discussed the 21700 battery datasheet, on paper its a li-ion rechargeable cell supplied by various electronics manufacturing companies.

There are hundreds of 21700 battery datasheets available belonging to a different models of 21700 batteries, there are lots of different models available varying in current rating and charge holding capacity. Also top manufacturer have their cell model with inbuilt overcharge protection and short circuit protection circuit to prevent damage to the cell as well as device in which it is installed.

List of top best 21700 battery manufacturing companies along with the datasheets :

Samsung battery:

One of the popular samsung battery under the name samsung 21700 30T. Its actual Model No. is INR21700-30T

Datasheet of 21700 Samsung 30T battery

One of the popular samsung battery under the name samsung 21700 40T. Its actual Model No. is INR21700-40T

Datasheet of 21700 Samsung 40T battery

LG battery:

Model No. 21700M50

LG 21700 battery Datasheet

From their data sheet you can analyse and study what parameters are to be considered. All these parameter to be keep in mind before, while and after manufacturing, testing and launching the a final product in the market.

We have discussed the 18650 specs and properties in detail here.

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