Are you thinking about What could be the all possible Arduino starter kit components list and write it down so that you would buy the best Arduino starter kit that includes all the components in it, in the market.
Or it’s probably because you have planned to improve your knowledge in Arduino, programming and electronics altogether, or because you want to explore more so as to do a unique project that will stand out from everyone around you.
This post will take you to the full external Arduino components lists and Arduino sensor list at one place, so that you can note down the required useful Arduino components and Arduino sensors for your Arduino Uno projects. Arduino starter kits are readily available online, each offering different components, and simply select the one that is most suitable according to your needs if buying a kit as a whole.
Also, this post will include all information needed on Arduino sensors and components list to help you decide which Arduino starter kit you need to buy, from sensor name, its intended application and extra accessories.
The table above contains all the sensors that are mostly focused in an entire Arduino project. But the project cant be built merely with sensors, it must have all the components to make the circuit complete and working with the full fledged functionality.
So the below tables have listed all the components from wires, batteries, speakers, jumper wires, switches, current limiting resistors, led indicators, breadboard, LCD display, buzzers, power supply and various other parts names. These parts names are technical names that you would ask a vendor if you need to buy it.
There are many so-called complete Arduino starter kits for beginners to get online which sometimes in fact are as good as buying each required component apiece. In fact, the most starter kit which comes with all basic components and sensors required along with the Arduino micro-controller board. Despite being at a low price, they offer quality components.
So, get started with these basic sensors and components here some Arduino sample codes and take your electronics journey to the next level.
Are you in search of the top best Arduino projects? If yes, then keep reading this post, it can be assured that you would choose one of the mentioned projects below for you.
Arduino projects have revolutionized the electronics/ electrical engineering projects and DIY sector in the present day. First-timers can find these projects quite engaging, especially if they are building their first project. You would be best off choosing Arduino projects if you have a specific interest in technology and wish to do interactive projects with it.
Now take a look at what Arduino has to offer and why you chose it?
Why only Arduino projects?
Arduino as a microcontroller being used in projects over the globe for a long time now. It also has a huge online community for supporting each other in hardware and code debugging. These community members are active learners, experts, professionals, and Arduino programmers. The Arduino hardware and Arduino software IDE is open-source and thus low cost. Below are the features that made it popular:
As compared to the other micro-controller platforms it is very cheap. Arduino boards start from less than $25 for Arduino micro from the official website, but the Chinese made boards even cost half the price of that.
The Arduino IDE is a cross platform program and supported by most of the operating systems, also has third party online editors/ simulator like: free online simulator wokwi (In this simulator you can change the sensors and also edit the code to get the result), also implement the project before actually made it with real modules and components.
Open source and extensible software that can be expanded through libraries. It has a simple and clear programming environment that is suitable for all types of users from beginners to professionals.
Easy Arduino Projects for Beginners
Arduino projects for beginners include the Simple Arduino Projects Ideas that requires to interface and code for the Arduino sensor and get the required task done. These are simple, and easy to interface hardware connections, and does not required multiple complex wiring work.
You can try a few of them from the below list of beginner Arduino projects, as there is a chance of getting your project done without getting the program bug/ code error. With the below list you only have to interface a single sensor with the Arduino board and code it to get the final result with some adjustment options provided on the Arduino modules.
Project title
Description
Interfacing Relay and switch
Controlling high current application with Arduino and Relay module, It is useful in lots of application like IoT, home automation, remote switch.
LED blinking
Blinking Led light with controlled timing using Arduino.
Interfacing Buzzer
Buzzer sound with controlled timing using Arduino when external or internal trigger is given to the buzzer module.
Tilt detection of the device
The led indicator glows when device is tilted. You can also interface buzzer that will sound on when the device is tilted to certain angle.
Touch detection
Can detect human finger touch on the device. It can be used in various applications like touch control switch.
Motion detection/ Vibration detection
Can detect vibration of the device or can say sudden shock on the device. It can be used in the applications where movement or vibration of the device is not desired.
Stepper motor speed and direction control
Control Stepper motor speed and direction, robotic motor and applications.
Control direction & angle using potentiometer encoder
Manually control stepper motor using other controller rotatory switch.
Humidity detection using humidity & rain sensor
Detect the humidity of surrounding environment or rain conditions. It has sensitivity control nob to set the threshold condition.
Sound generator using speaker module.
By changing the output frequency, you’ll hear a different sound from speaker.
Magnetic Field detection
It uses Hall sensor module to detect magnetic field, it provides digital signal to indicate the presence or absence of magnetic field near it.
Movement control using Servo motor
Any type of movement can be implemented/ controlled with the use of servo motor. Servo motor maintains its position unless external signal voltage is given in clockwise or anti clockwise direction.
Motion controlled toy car
Using Accelerometers module, which are widely used in low-cost motion and tilt sensing applications such as mobile devices, gaming controller systems to sense the direction of movement.
Soil moisture detection
A project using a simple water sensor that can be used to detect soil moisture. We can measure an analog signal whose value is proportional to the moisture level.
Designing and developing electronics applications and prototypes can be made incredibly simple and fun with the versatile micro-controller like Arduino. This isn’t something you need to worry about if you are just starting with Arduino.
In the online world, you can easily find step by step in depth tutorials on how to DIY ideas including circuit schematics and source codes.
Project title
Description
Gas leakage sensor using MQ-2 Gas Sensor
Any particular gas is detected using MQ-2 gas sensor, when the gas level greater than a preset level is detected then LED on the module is switched ON or an external buzzer starts ringing. Read datasheet for detail.
Fire/ Smoke Detection using MQ-2 Gas Sensor
Smoke is detected using MQ-2 gas sensor, when the smoke level greater than a preset level is detected then LED on the module is switched ON or an external buzzer starts ringing.
Obstruction detection with ultrasonic sensor
The ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 sends and detects high frequency sound waves. Then detects the obstruction in the path without contacting it.
Distance measurement with ultrasonic sensor
The ultrasonic range finder sensor produces the high frequency sound waves and calculates the echo time, to determine the distance.
Obstruction detection with infrared sensor
The source transmit IR light, then reflected infrared light from the objects is detected by the sensor. Thus senses the obstruction.
Object counter with infrared sensor
The IR sensor has a Infrared light source, which bounces the infrared light from the objects to the sensor. If senses the obstruction then count it as an object, otherwise don't. Thus the number of objects is counted on each obstruction.
RPM counter with infrared sensor
It works in same manner as that of object counter, except you have to some arrangement depending on the rotating object.
Obstruction detection with Laser and LDR
The light source and ldr are placed in front of each other. The laser source transmit light , then received visible light from the absence of an objects is detected by the ldr sensor. Thus senses the absence of obstruction and vice versa.
RPM counter with Laser light and LDR
The light source and ldr are placed in front of each other. The laser source transmit light , then received visible light from the absence of an objects is detected by the ldr sensor. Thus senses the rotation.
Ambient Light sensor with LDR
It can be useful when we have to detect whether its a night (darkness) or a day (lightness). LDR module has an threshold controller to adjust sensitivity.
Thermostat with thermal temperature sensor
It is used to cutoff the circuit supply when certain preset temperature is reached. Its application is in water heater and other temperature control equipment.
Temperature measurement with thermal temperature sensor DHT11
Exact measurement of surrounding temperature, the current though the sensor module changes according to the surrounding temperature, thus can be measured by Arduino.
Sound detection using microphone sensor
Upon reaching a certain threshold of sound intensity, the digital output sends a high signal to the Arduino can be utilize for clap control switch.
Fire alarm/ Fire detection using IR Flame sensor
The IR flame sensor is able to detect certain frequency of flame, thus detect fire/ flame in nearby area to trigger fire alarm.
Arduino Kit Projects
All the projects mentioned in the table on this page can be implemented with the components and modules comes with the Arduino kit that is available to purchase on e-commerce site.
Arduino kit projects are generally for beginners and intermediates, but advanced projects can also be cone with it by adding some extra components to it.
Title
Description
Arduino timer
You can code for (say) 5 min timer or 15 min timer in the Arduino module such that buzzer will sound when set time is reached.
Interfacing servo motor
Controlling the clockwise and anti-clockwise rotation of servo motor, the application could be steering a robotic vehicle, doing swaying action etc.
Beeping sound
Producing beep sound at determined time interval with buzzer module, it can be used in various application for indicating any sort of alert.
DC motor control
Control DC motor with Arduino, that could include speed control and direction control.
Traffic light controller
Real life traffic signal implementation using Arduino micro-controller, and bunch of LED lights.
Electric tooth-brush
Electric toothbrush timer, pattern maker that can create a particular pattern of vibration using a dc motor.
Blinking Christmas Tree Lights
Blinking select LEDs at determined time interval to create a pattern you want.
Touch Dimmer switch
Dimming the light when touched is detected on touch switch on the 3 level of brightness.
Digital voltmeter
Voltage measurement
Burglar Alarm system
Detect any movement or human presence or touch in restricted area and warns with loud warning tone.
Color detector
Identify different colors of the object using TCS3200 RGB sensor module with Arduino.
Multi color Mood Lamp
Changes the color of the Lamp/LED according to what is required by someone by just pushing one button.
Hand wash timer
Indicates how much time to spend on washing your hand, uses different color led to indicate when to stop.
Running LED strip
Create water drop effect on led strip, it can be achieved with shift register interfaced with Arduino.
RGB LED control with button
Control RGB LED with different push switch, each switch will enable different color.
Project title
Description
Automatic plant watering system
It will use one hygrometer sensor and one water pump, microcontroller will turn on the water pump when certain level of dryness is reached in the plant's soil.
Automatic Door opener
Using IR sensor, linear actuator (or servo motor) and Arduino
Automatic Door opener
Using proximity sensor, linear actuator (or servo motor) and Arduino
Blind walking stick
Ultrasonic sensor installed on a blind walking stick which will alert when obstacle ahead.
UV meter/ Music reactive LEDs
It will react to music based on the intensity of sound
Arduino Piano
Creates tones of particular frequency on pressing different push buttons
Clap switch
Turn on or off a lamp when heard a human clap.
Toggle switch
A toggle switch is that switch if you press it once it will turn the LED on and keep it on until you press the switch again
Electronic Dice
Electronic dice with Seven Segment Display using Arduino function of random number generation
Alcohol sense
Senses the alcohol content in the breathe and alert the drunk state.
If you are an absolute beginner in Arduino and trying some Projects as an enthusiast, make sure you select a very simple project that has only one simple sensor to interface. This is because it would be relatively simple to code as well, if you are stuck somewhere then you can take some reference from arduino example project codes to complete the project.
And if you are an intermediate in Arduino and already did some beginners level projects then you must opt for projects with two or more sensors.
You can also suggest your ideas, discuss these Arduino projects, and suggest improvements in the comments section below. Based on your suggestions, with all new ideas this post would be updated continuously.
All the efforts have been taken to avoid repentance of projects. So, don’t get disturbed by similar type of entries 🙂
If you are searching for the correct method to charge 18650 battery then you landed on the correct post article. in this post we have explained the various method to 18650 battery how to charge with different modules, direct charge and without charger.
You find these batteries everywhere in most of the devices we use at home for domestic use, office use, industrial use, and most commonly in DIY projects by electronics and electrical engineers and enthusiasts. Sometimes we do buy the 18650 li-ion battery without buying a charger to recharge it, are unwilling to buy a charger at that time. so what if you drained the battery completely and want to use it again in a different project? you need to charge it!!
How to charge 18650 battery ?
As you all know 18650 is a rechargeable lithium-ion battery you simply won’t throw them in the dustbin when discharged. So just charge it using a 18650 battery charger commercially available in an online store or buy it from electronics component Stores.
Another method is to do it yourself at your place using already available devices and components like an old mobile phone charger or bench DC power supply, etc, which are discussed step-by-step in detail in sections below. Also check Simplest 18650 Battery Charger circuit with auto cutoff DIY
Theory on 18650 battery charging :
This theory is for brushing up knowledge on the battery’s state of charge, and battery charger circuits. we will only discuss how to charge the 18650 battery in detail without going deeply into the working of chargers/ battery.
Constant voltage and constant current
When the cell is given Constant voltage, the cell absorbs the constant^ current during charging. The cell can absorb as much current as it is given, but providing current more than rated value could reduce battery life or heat up quickly to damage the cell (check the datasheet for rated charging current).
^ almost constant during 20{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} to 90{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} of the state of charge, for more information, check the state of charge of lithium battery
Charging voltage:
The standard constant charging voltage varies from manufacturer to manufacturer but does not vary much, as it changes as 4.2V, 4.3V, and 4.4V. These are safe values, you can even charge with little higher voltages.
(You can also use 5V to charge 18650 cells. This will not damage the cell if you don’t allow it to overcharge, by terminating the charging and preventing damage to the cell after the li-ion cell reached 4.2 volts.) A standard charging value on the typical datasheet is generally mentioned at 0.5 C, where C stands for capacity. So the practical value of the charging current must be equal to or less than half the battery capacity mentioned.
For example, in a 1700 mAh cell, the standard charge current would be 850 mA, and for a 2400 mAh cell, the standard charge current would be 1200 mA.
It is recommended to keep the charging current at or below the limit specified in the datasheet.
(check 18650 battery specification and datasheet here)
When the battery voltage reaches 4.1 V or 4.2 V, the 18650 battery cell is almost fully charged. This may be called as 18650 battery charging voltage. From this moment, the current consumed by the battery starts decreasing steadily to reach a certain value*.
Charge termination:
When the current drops below or stays at a certain value*, charging should be terminated. The most commonly practiced charge current termination limits are between C/10 and C/30.
For example, in a 1700 mAh cell, the standard charge current would be 850 mA. Thus the charge termination current will be near 85mA and
For a 2400 mAh cell, the standard charge current would be 1200 mA, thus the charge termination current will be near 120mA.
Important before charging using methods mentioned on this page:
When the battery is fully charged means reached charge current termination value, the battery should be disconnected immediately from the power source.If the battery is kept connected to the dc power source will cause the battery to overcharge and eventually it will swell, resulting in damage to the battery. *check datasheet, click here for sample 18650 datasheet.
To avoid damage to the cell, use 18650 chargers with overcharge, over-current, over-voltage protection features. So you can rest assured of safety to the battery.
Charging the 18650 battery without a charge controller (like tp4056, tp5100 etc.) is not advised due to the risk of overcharging and damages.
Charging the 18650 battery without a charger is possible with the proper knowledge, precaution, and method we have shown below.
If you are charging the 18650 battery without a charger then charge 1 cell at a time with the information given in the theory part above.
Charging with 18650 battery charger:
Use the charger shown in the image above, available for sale online on Amazon or eBay.
This is the simplest and best method to charge 18650 battery without concerning about the removal of the battery from the charger to protect it from overcharging, over-voltage, or short-circuit.
These chargers have an inbuilt over charging protection circuit and cut-off circuit that disconnects the battery when it is fully charged, which ensures the long life of the battery and performance.
It also comes with battery charging state display/ indicators, their function may vary from charger to charger.
There are two types of 18650 lithium-ion battery chargers available in the market:
USB powered 18650 battery chargers: With these chargers, you can charge the battery from any USB power port/socket you see around. It is recommended to use your high current rated mobile charger to charge batteries with this device.
Otherwise, it will slow-charge the batteries or you can say slow charging. The good thing about this device it is highly portable you can carry it along traveling and use it with any type of USB port.
Mains power 18650 battery chargers: In this, you can directly connect the charger with a mains power supply that is available at your home. They could charge faster than USB-powered chargers.
How to charge 18650 battery using tp4056?
Component required: connecting wires, 18650 battery holder, tp4056 module, 5v mobile charger 1.0 Amp or more.
It’s very easy to use the tp4056 module. There is need to identify 2 terminals on the board viz. BAT+, BAT- only. Just connect the positive terminal of the battery to the BAT+ on the board and the negative terminal of the battery to the BAT- on the board as shown in the image below.
Component required: 5V mobile phone charger (1Amps or more), connecting wires, 18650 battery holder, tp4056 module(required).
By doing connection shown in the above image, you can charge 18650 battery safely. If you are using low current rated mobile phone charger then charge only one 18650 lithium cell with it. As more cells will draw more current that can goes up more than 1 ampere, so there is a chance that your charger would heat up very quickly and get permanently damage.
This above image shown the detail of the terminals of tp4056 and final setup of 18650 charging circuit without cell holder.
8650 battery charger using old phone charger or USB port
Component required: 5V mobile phone charger(capacity of 500mA or more), connecting wires, 18650 battery holder, tp4056 module(optional).
Connect the circuit as shown in the above circuit, keep checking output voltage of the battery using a multimeter (charger disconnected) to read voltage of 4.2 volts.Remove battery at 4.1 volts, its recommended if you are not using any charge controller. (read theory above for safe operation)
You can also charge 18650 battery using USB i.e, the output of USB port for charging. Use only one cell at a time.(connect charge controller module at ‘pt.1’ if possible for safe operation)
How to charge 18650 battery without charger?
Direct charge using fully charged 18650 battery:
This method could be rarely used for charging purposes, as it just shares power from the ‘fully charged battery’ to ‘discharged battery’. What if you don’t have any type of device or power source to charge a 18650 battery? then you can use this method to charge a completely discharged battery.
Connect the circuit as shown in the above circuit for about 30 to 60 minutes. The completely discharged battery will acquire some charge from fully charged batteries. (connect charge controller module at ‘X’ if possible for safe operation)
18650 battery charger using bench DC power source (without charger)
You can charge a 18650 battery without charger if a DC bench power supply is available with you, but it is quite an unconventional method. It is to be used attentively while charging batteries with a bench DC power supply. Note that if you are not Experienced in electronics core electrical circuits and its rules, then avoid trying this!! if you overcharge or connect Lithium batteries in Reverse polarity, they may bulge or catch fire. It is recommended to charge one battery at a time, following steps and calculation values for one 18650 battery at a time.
Step1: Make sure that the power supply output voltage is at 4.3V before connecting to the battery.
Step2: Turn off the bench DC power supply from mains as well as from the bench unit before connecting wires.
Step3: Properly connect the positive terminal of the batteries to the positive terminal of the DC power supply, and connect the negative terminal of the battery to the terminal of the DC power supply. Make sure that connections are tight (not loose).
Step3: Turn on the switch & ensure 4.3v at the output.
Now monitor the reading of bench power supply according to the already discussed points in the theory part.
Here, (for single-cell) the initial current would be more than 400mA while charging. Disconnect the batteries when the current consumption ranges from 25 to 100mA (depends on battery capacity). This means that your battery is almost charged.
If you do not want to monitor and disconnect the battery manually then you can use a charge controller module like TP 4056. The charge controller will automatically control the current to the batteries and disconnect when fully charged. Also, it is safe!!
It is found that a more and more Arduino beginners and enthusiast are facing difficulties finding all the Arduino sensors and Arduino components/ modules list in a one place, so that, they find it easier to decide what sensor to use in their projects and what are the functions and detail features of Arduino starter kit.
And thus, to the many requests by our website visitor and DIY community, we’ve collectively put the Arduino sensors Types, Working, Applications and modules list in this post.
There are various types of sensors and modules from very simple to interface & code, to very complex to interface & long to codes. In below list of Arduino sensors, we’ve mentioned what is the use of each module and detailed feature of each of them.
Difference between Arduino Sensors and Arduino modules?
Let’s talk about sensors, so what are sensors? Sensors are nothing but the device that sense the physical world and generate the analog or digital signal related to that particular quantity so that it can be processed by computers and conclude it for evaluation by human being.
So Modules are nothing but these sensors with supporting circuitry mounted on a PCB to enhance its capability and usability. They maintain certain form factor so that assembling the hardware becomes simpler.
Modules are generally provided with a nob (potentiometer) to adjust the sensitivity of the sensors, also the current limiting resistor and header pins to make it re-attachable.
Not necessarily all modules are sensors, but it could be some output devices or external circuit like trans-receivers, (LCD) liquid crystal display, 7-segment display, servo motor, multi color led, buzzer, etc
Ultrasonic Module HC-SR04
Application: To determine the range/ distance of an object without contacting it, obstacle detection.
Description/ Application:
The ultrasonic sensor HC-SR04 sends and detects high frequency sound waves. The distance from an object is calculated with the unit of time taken by sound waves to travel the distance and come back, it’s called sonar technique. If velocity of sound = 340 m/s, then, Total distance = (pulse time × velocity of sound) / 2
Feature & Specifications:
Requires I/O trigger of min 10us for high level signal
Operates at sound frequency of 40 kHz, range up to 0.4 meter at 15 degree
The Infrared emitted by the transmitter hits an obstacle, and some returned IR light received by the receiver anticipate an obstruction. Often used in robots for detecting objects nearby or to avoid obstacles.
They come in three to four types of form factor, one with the transmitter and receiver IR LEDs together in the same module, one with individual IR transmitter and IR receiver, and IR receiver with IR Remote.
Feature & Specifications:
It has a sensing distance of 2-30 cm, detection angle 35°
They come in two types of form factor. Apart from Vcc & Gnd, one module has two outputs AO (analog output) & DO (digital output), and other with single digital output DO.
Upon reaching a certain threshold of sound intensity, the digital output sends a high signal. That threshold can be set by a potentiometer nob present on the module. The AO pin gives analog sound signal for further processing.
Feature & Specifications:
Power indicator & Sensitivity adjustment
Pin AO is used for direct raw analog sound signal
Pin DO is used for digital output high when sound reaches certain limit
Photo-resistor Sensor Module for Light Detection (LDR- Light Dependent Resistor)
This module is equipped with light dependent resistor (LDR). The resistance of LDR changes depends on amount of light falls on is surface.
They come in two form factor (3pin and 4pin). Apart from Vcc & Gnd, one module comes with single digital output DO, and other has two outputs AO (analog output) & DO (digital output). Upon reaching a certain intensity of light, the digital output sends a high signal. That threshold light intensity can be adjusted via a potentiometer present on the module.
You can build an automatic garden/ streetlight project.
Feature & Specifications:
Operating at 5V, it has digital switching outputs (0 or 1) at DO
The AO (analog voltage output) depending on light intensity
A LDR resistance vary from few MΩ to few KΩ for complete darkness to full sunlight
Application: For detection & sensing of, methane, alcohol, fire smoke, propane, hydrogen, methane, LPG and carbon monoxide concentrations in the closed environment
Description:
MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors, it gives output by changing its resistance value. It has a Chemiresistor (sensing material), when the Gas comes in contact with it, the resistance of chemiresistor is changed, which detects the type of Gas by measuring the resistance of the sensing material.
It comes in 4-pin form factor. Other than Vcc & Gnd, one module comes two outputs analog and digital trigger.
Feature & Specifications:
Pin DO provide a digital signal for presence of combustible gases set via adjusting nob.
Pin AO provides analog output voltage in proportional to the concentration of smoke/gas (read datasheet for exact values for respective gas)
The Pre-heat time of about 30sec (works properly after this time)
Operating at 5V, power consumed <800mw
Digital Thermal Sensor Module (Temperature Sensor Module)
Application: for detecting the temperature of the surrounding environment and temperature control
Description:
This module comes with NTC thermistor sensor. It is thermally variable resistor, means the resistance of the sensor changes proportional to the surrounding temperature, thus temperature is determined accordingly.
It comes in two form factor (3pin and 4pin). Apart from VCC & GND, one with digital output DO, and other with two outputs AO & DO. You can change the temperature detection threshold for digital output with adjustable nob.
Feature & Specifications:
NTC thermistor & sensor sensitivity
The module temperature detection range of 20- 80℃
Adjustable temperature distribution bit detection threshold
IR Infrared Flame Detection Sensor Module
Application: To detect fire/ flame in nearby area, fire alarm
Description:
IR infrared flame detector module is installed with a photo-tansistor/ photo diode which is sensitive to the flame. Generally, it responds to a flame (a source of infrared light) of a wavelength in the range of ~760 nm to ~1100 nm.
It also comes with 3 pin and 4 pin module for different digital only and both analog and digital purpose.
Feature & Specifications:
Detection angle of about 60 degrees,
Particularly designed to sensitivity to the flame spectrum only
Operates at 3.3V- 5.0V at ~15mA
Pin AO pin for analog voltage output depending on flame intensity
Pin DO pin for digital trigger after threshold level of detection
DHT11 is digital temperature and humidity sensor gives digital serial data signals output with a calibrated two in one temperature and humidity sensor.
This module includes a resistive-type humidity measurement component and an NTC (negative temperature coefficient) temperature measurement component. Mostly used to measure temperature and humidity in your room or outside area.
Feature & Specifications:
DHT11 element is strictly calibrated, means high accuracy and reliability
High-performance 8-bit micro-controller on board
Can sense humidity range from 20{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} to 90{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a}
Whether to send data from one microcontroller to another or to control remote devices, the easy way to do it is using the 433MHz link modules.
These Rf modules are widely used by Arduino users for a variety of applications that require wireless control of some robot or some remote action over a small distance It can have a range of 3 meters without antenna, and up to 100 meters with antenna.
Feature & Specifications:
Max range up to 100 meters
Operating voltage of 5V at 3.5mA for both Tx & Rx
Tx freq: 433.92MHz & Rx freq: 433MHz
ESP8266 WiFi Module
Application: Home application and automation, sensor network, smart appliance
Description:
The ESP8266 Wifi module is a standalone WiFi module that is made to work as a WiFi adapter, with which you can make your Arduino/ any micro-controller an wireless IoT device.
It enables wireless internet access to/ from any microcontroller with its serial communication (UART interface). It can do anything with it that a IoT device can do.
Feature & Specifications:
Operates at 2.5v to 3.6V at ~80 mA
802.11 b/g/n support (2.4 GHz)
802.11n support, up to 72.2 Mbps
On board antenna
Bluetooth Module for Arduino (HC-06 RS232 TTL module)
Application: Wireless control of robot with mobile phone
Description:
There are lots of Bluetooth module available for Arduino in the market like HC-05 HC-06 RS232 TTL, etc. To create a wireless communication channel with a robot, you will need a Bluetooth module and an Arduino board.
It is one of the most commonly used module for wireless control of robots after RF 433MHz Trans-receiver.
Feature & Specifications:
Low Power 1.8V Operation, 1.8 to 3.6V I/O
Range up to 9 meters (30ft) for both transmission and reception
Application: Automation of home garden and watering
Description:
The soil hygrometer module is a simple water sensor that is generally used to detect moisture in the soil. Soil moisture data is critical for planning irrigation schedules for optimal plant growth, and caring. This data is sometimes used for determining the health of the soil and plant root.
It comes with three output terminals, analog, digital, power and a ground. It outputs a high signal when the moisture is more than a certain decided level, and that is adjustable. The probes on the sensor acts as a variable resistor responding to the conductivity of water in soil. An analog signal gives the value that is proportional to the moisture level thus useful in making automatic self-watering plants.
Feature & Specifications:
● Low Power 3V to 5V Operation.
● Dual output, for analog and digital interface
BMP180 Digital Barometric Sensor Board
Application: Atmospheric pressure, altitude
Description:
BMP180/280 digital barometer sensor module can be used to measure the absolute pressure of the environment. This would be a reliable sensor for determining and controlling the height of your drone and robots.
The height can be calculated by converting the pressure measured by the barometer into the altitude. And thus can be used for some interesting applications.
Feature & Specifications:
● Accuracy of 1 meter with ultra high (0.02hPa) ~0.17 meter noise resolution
● Upto 0.3uA low current consumption (useful for battery operations)
● I2C interface, 16-bit digital output
● Also provides temperature measurement
● 1.8V to 3.6V operating voltage
Rotary Encoder Module Sensor Development Board
Application: Robots, CNC machine, printers
Description:
A rotary encoder module has an electromechanical position sensor that can be used to determine the angular position of the moveable rotary shaft. This module generates an electrical signal proportional to the movement and direction of the rotary shaft. It can be called a digital potentiometer.
The Rotary Encoder Module comes with 5 pins, viz. Gnd, Vcc, Sw, Dt, and Clk. This module has all digital pins apart from the power supply. On manual rotation, the rotary encoder registers the positive direction/ negative direction or we can say clockwise or anticlockwise direction.
Feature & Specifications:
● 360 degree continuous mechanical angel.
● 2-bit gray code
● Module specific 20-40 positions (check module datasheet)
(SW-420) This is a high sensitivity vibration detector module. When this module is in stable condition, its sensor signals the output high. When there is a movement of a module then its sensor signals the output low.
With the knob present on the module you can also adjust the sensitivity of the vibration. Thus you can use this type of module for vibration or tilt sensing requirements in your projects and appliances.
Feature & Specifications:
● Non-directional, high sensitivity
● Responds to vibration and tilt
● Digital Signal output
● Operating voltage 3.3V to 5V
Humidity and Rain Detection Sensor Module
Application: Rain sensing
Description:
This is a rain sensor and it is made of a rain detection sensor and a comparator module with sensitivity adjustment nob, that decides the logic. It can be used for weather monitoring system.
This module monitors the change in conductivity caused by rain water fallen on the sensor plate, accordingly then gives the digital signal if reached to the set value. It also has pin Ao, for analog output signal.
The more water on the surface of the sensor means more conductivity means more rain and less the water on surface of the sensor means less conductivity means lesser rain.
Feature & Specifications:
● High sensitivity with adjustment nob
● 2 indicator LED
● Both digital and analog output
Updating more modules and components for Arduino…..
The USB C OTG wiring diagram below shows the “ USB type C to USB A female 2.0 type cable assembly”:
Before discussing the USB C OTG wiring diagram: Let’s lake a brief overview an OTG cable, or OTG connector.
An OTG C or On The Go adapter enable you to connect a full sized USB pen-drive or USB A cable to your phone through the Micro USB-C charging port.
They can be purchased separately from retailers, as they don’t come with a box in general when you purchase any device. The main purpose of USB-C OTG is a transfer of data with pen-drives as well as enable connectivity to peripherals like mouse and keyboard.
The USB Type-C cable, receptacle, and plug are designed to be more sturdy and user-friendly than existing USB cables namely Type-A and micro USB Type-B.
Let’s take an example, Type-A plugs connect only in one position to a Type-A receptacle (female port). The Type-C connector, however, lets you connect the device downside up or upside down. By making this simple change, USB devices can be inserted correctly into USB ports without frustration.
USB C 2.0 OTG (OTG) product is a portable device, that can function either as a USB host or a USB peripheral. All USB 2.0/ 3.0 OTG products are required to use a micro-B/micro-C receptacle.
Fig. shows the receptacle pin assignment for supporting a semi-featured Type-C cable. A full-featured cable supports both USB 2.0 and USB 3.1 (higher data speed). Below is the USB Type C 2.0 OTG wiring connection USB A to USB C:
Table 1 shows the pin-out for both receptacle and plug of USB OTG.
USB A receptacle
USB C port
Wire code
Description
Symbol
1
A4, B4, A9, B9
Red
+5V (dc power)
VCC/ VBUS
2
A7
White
Data- (data from device to host)
D-
3
A6
Green
Data+ (data from host to device)
D+
4
A1, B1, A12, B12
Black
0V (dc ground)
GND
NC
A5*
-
Configuration Channel 1 (VBUS through resistance Rp =5.1kΩ)
CC1
Description:
The OTG device functions as a USB peripheral. When acting as a USB peripheral, the portable USB 2.0 OTG product observe VBUS signal to determine whether it is connected to a USB host or external mobile charger.
The Pin no A1, A12, B1, B12, of USB C port is connected to the Pin no.4 USB type A receptacle. This pin is named as the ground (GND) through that pin ground signal is established.
The Pin no A4, A9, B4, B9, of USB C male is connected to Pin no.1 from USB type A receptacle male. This pin is the power supply (5+ volt/ VBUS) through that pin the power is supplied to the device and it can be host or peripherals.
The Pin no. A6 of the C- port is connected to Pin no.3 from USB type A receptacle.
Also, the Pin no. A7 of micro USB C is connected to the Pin no.2 from USB type A female.Pin no. 2/A7 (D-) and pin no. 3/A6 (D+) both as a pair are used as a differential data pin in each port.
USB 3.X attained its massive speed increase with the addition of 5 more wires containing 2 pairs, one each for TX and RX (viz, TX+/ TX-, RX-, RX+), and an additional ground return.
The creative part is how to identify additional 5 connections, thus allocating new USB C wire color codes to the wires other than existing USB 2.0 wires.
USB 2.0 and 3.0 “type A” connectors are interchangeable and compatible, the extra 5 pins added such a way that there should be no compatibility issues.
Below image showing USB C type C cable color code showing signal name at USB C plug:
^ Blue colored Mylar material Foil with conducting inner layer/ separate connector is optional and may not present in some wires also its presence does not disobey the USB protocol either, these are independent ground but connected at end.
*All signal names viewing at USB type C plug end and USB C wires inside.
You could be interested in USB C 2.0 & 3.0 pinout and their detailed function, do check here -> USB C pinout for 2.o and 3.0
USB type c wire color table/ port USB C color code :
Conductor Color
Pins At Port
Signal Name
RED
A4,B4,A9,B9
VBUS
WHITE
A7
Dn1/ D-
GREEN
A6
Dp1/ D+
BLACK
A1,B1,A12,B12
GND
N/A
A5
CC
N/A
B5
VCON
BLUE
A3
TX1-
YELLOW
A2
TX1+
PURPLE
B10
RX1-
N/A
GND
GND
ORANGE
B11
RX1+
N/A
SHELL
SHIELD
A6 and A7 are differential Data lines. They are used as Data lines (D+ & D-) for USB 2.0 connections only. A6 and A7 are usually un-shielded pair of wires, in which A6 is Green in color, and the color of A7 is white.
A4+B4+A9+B9 (VBUS) is an individual wire for power supply. Its color code is red and all these pins are common at terminal end. A1,B1,A12,B12 (GND) is an individual wire for power supply. Its color code is black and all these pins are common at terminal end.
(B10+B11) are shielded pair of high speed data receive signal (RX1- & RX1+), in which B10 is coded as purple and B11 is coded as orange.
They are shielded with conducting foil generally made of aluminum material. If there is extra conductor along with this pair it is a ground.
(A2+A3) are shielded pair of high speed data transmit signal (TX1- & TX1+), in which A2 is coded as blue and A3 is coded as yellow.
They are also shielded with conducting foil generally made of aluminum material. If there is extra conductor along with this pair it is a ground. The shield is individually grounded at both ends.
Note that the mention color code above is as per USB C standards, there may be some cable that don’t have exact same color of wiring. Some manufacture may have different color of wires in the USB type C cables.
Generally, Vbus/ Gnd /D+ /D- have fixed color code and followed by most manufacture, other signals may have different pattern like in color combination.
Few example are: (TX1+ TX1-) & (RX1+ RX1-) could be of black and white color but in different color jacket/ Mylar foil.
The USB implementer Forum sets the standards for data transfer through various cables and connectors one can use on the end of those cables, that also includes USB communication protocols. This post will take you to the USB C wiring diagram/ USB C 3.0 wiring diagram and related information in detail.
USB 3.1 Gen 1 which is formerly known as USB 3.0, later renamed USB 3.2 Gen 1×1 port.
This means that USB 3.0 is the same as USB 3.1 Gen 1.
Also, USB 3.1 Gen 1 is the same as USB 3.2 Gen 1×1.
This can be concluded that all USB 3.0/ USB 3.1 Gen1/ USB 3.2 Gen 1×1 are having same hardware interface and USB protocol. All new generation USB 3.x are made backward compatible to USB 3.0 and 2.0; USB Type-C to USB-A Male 3.1/ 3.2 Gen2 Adapter charger cable supports data transfer rate upto 10Gbps
USB C wiring diagram to male USB 3.1/ 3.2 type A Gen1/ Gen2:
As you know that USB C 3.x is made to be operated reversibly, also by looking at pin out diagram of USB c male you can see that all the pins termed A could be interchangeably used with that of termed B. check USB Type C 3.0 pinout!!
The table shows below the connection between pins on both the end of the plugs and their functions with respective symbols:
Signal Name
Port 1
Conductor Color
Port 2
Signal Name
VBUS
1
RED
A4,B4,A9,B9
VBUS
D-
2
WHITE
A7
Dn1/ D-
D+
3
GREEN
A6
Dp1/ D+
GND_DRAIN
4
BLACK
A1,B1,A12,B12
GND
N/A
-
N/A
A5
CC
N/A
-
N/A
B5
VCON
SSRX-
5
BLUE
A3
TX1-
SSRX+
6
YELLOW
A2
TX1+
SSTX-
8
PURPLE
B10
RX1-
GND_DRAIN
7
-
GND
GND
SSTX+
9
ORANGE
B11
RX1+
SHIELD
SHELL
N/A
SHELL
SHIELD
According to the USB standard, VBUS carries a +5v and the default output current of up to 3.0A.
Pin no.1 from USB type A 3.1 male is connected to the Pin no A4, A9, B4, B9, of USB type C. This pin is named as the (+VDD/ VBUS) through which the power is supplied to the device or any equipment which is also an indicator of handshake signal, that convey the system that “the device is connected”.
Pin no.4 from (Port1) USB type A 3.1 male is connected to the Pin no A1, A12, B1, B12, of (Port2) USB-C. This pin is the ground return (GND). This is individual black color wire.
Pin no.3 from USB 3.1 type A male is connected to the Pin no. A6 of port 2.
Pin no.2 from USB type A male is connected to the Pin no. A7 of port 2.Both Pin no. 2/A7 (D-) and pin no. 3/A6 (D+) are used as a differential data pin in each port. Data is sent from and received from these port when used in USB 2.0 mode (in reverse compatibility mode with previous generation USB host)
Pin 7 is connected as a Drain/Shell.
Pin no. 5 (SSRX-) from port 1 is connected to Pin no. A3 (TX1-) of port 2, Pin no. 5 (SSRX+) from port 1 is connected to Pin no. A3 (TX1+) of port 2.
SSTX are bidirectional data SuperSpeed Transmitter ends.
Please note that SSRXp1 can be written as SSRX1+, also SSRXn1 can be written as SSRX1-
Pin no. 8 (SSRX-) from port 1 is connected to Pin no. B10 (RX1-) of port 2, Pin no. 9 (SSRX+) from port 1 is connected to Pin no. B11 (RX1+) of port 2.
SSRX are bidirectional data SuperSpeed Transmitter ends.
Please note that SSTXp1 can be written as SSTX1+, also SSTXn1 can be written as SSTX1-
USB type C terminologies and parameters for technical/ manufacturing use:
Pull-up resistor (Rp): The pin A5 /(CC) is connected in series with resistor Rp= 56kΩ with the +5v (VBUS) at USB C plug terminal. The value of Rp determines the current sourcing capability of the Type-C ports for which it is designed.
SHELL/ SHIELD/ BRAID: For a good quality USB cable, to avoid crosstalk and RF interference from adjacent data lines, it is recommended to have 360-degree conductive shielding with ground shield termination on both ports.
The main purpose of shielding is to prevent unwanted RF interference and noise signals.
In common practice, A6 and A7 are un-shielded pair of wires, (B10+B11) and (A2+A3) are shielded pairs of wires respectively, shield is individually grounded at both end, remaining ground connection should be individual black color conductor. Also check different USB mode here
Hobbyists and electronic circuit designers often find it quite difficult to find the best place to buy cheap electronic components online in India, for electronic projects & circuits.
This article intends you to take though the websites that provide general and latest electronic components online for electronic circuits and projects.
Take a look at the different sites so that you can buy these components at best price.
There are two ways to get a cheap electronic components in India:
Cheap Electronic Components online India though online-stores and websites.
Offline shops/stores in your city.
We recommend you to buy the cheap electronic component from the offline electronic part store if possible. This is because you get best price at the offline store than that of online electronic component store. If you need to buy a few components then it is not worth buying from the online store.
The only disadvantage of buying from the stores is the availability of the components and parts. Again if it’s far away from your home, it’s not worth buying from there.
In some of the cases, the components required are not available offline so you are needed to buy it from online stores only.
List of Where to buy cheap electronic components online in India:
Nevonexpress:
Nevon Express is operated by Nevon Solution Private Limited it’s an online Retailer and wholesaler of electronic components and devices. It is based in Mumbai, India.
You can find and buy lots of electronic components online from this website at a very reasonable rate. This website also sells a wide range of multi-meters and all types of modules required in electronic projects and in various industries.
This is one of the best websites for buying online electronics components in India. Here you will get a wide range of all electronic components, module, cables, surface mount devices sensors, heat sinks and lot more. This company has a decent refund and replacement policy. You can think of buying from this online store.
This company operates from Nashik, India. DNATechIndia retail orders as well as bulk orders for components models and sensors all over India. They also have inhouse developed modules. De cell components like electronic IC sensors and models through their online and local stores. you can find all the components required for robotics and all that kind of electronic project work as well as for the industrial propose.
It is a one-stop online store for all your Robotics work and project. All types of original development boards like Arduino, Atmel, and Raspberry Pi are also available. It is based in Noida, India. If you want to buy some stuff for your quadcopters and multicopters then you can go for this website.
This e-commerce site provides all kind of electrical-electronics parts and components for industrial and hobby makers. their prices are quite competitive as compared to other sites.
The one thing about this online electronics components store is that they have shipping charge of + 49 rs only (check before ordering), which is good if you have to buy lesser components or components of cost less than 500 rupees.
Robot.in provides all parts for electronics, engineering products as well as for hobby. This website claims to be providing a variety of products at the right prices with full specifications about the product. It also operates brands like EasyMech, SmartElex, and Orange. If you are thinking of buying Arduino development boards, batteries or 3D printers robu.in could be your option.
It is a Mumbai based online electronic component dealer which provides a wide variety of passive components, surface mount devices, opto-electronics, sensor, connectors, boards kids and programmers at a reasonable price. Their collection has the product product from popular brands like Royal Ohm, Generic, STMicroelectronics, Texas Instrument etc.
This is a scientific and electrical Equipment supplier from Jharkhand, India. This company provides guidance and basic to advanced training in different programs to help and educate students, hobbyist, and individuals. It provides almost every part and component required in robotics and in the development of electronic circuits.
Link:
If we have to buy only passive components and basic electronic components that is generally used, then you can go for a projectpoint. A wide collection of resistors of all wattage rating and transistors are available here. It is Uttar Pradesh based website operating for quite a long time.
It is an online marketplace for robotic components and modern microcontrollers. It deals with the product from Arduino, AVR, ARMDevelopment boards, sensors, and wireless models. It is one of the leading Marketplace in India, dealing with the requirements of the student, hobbyist, and engineers.
The electroncomponent is the online marketplace for all kind of electronic components. It offers a wide range of quality products for robotic engineers and hobbyists. It provides products at a very competitive price.
Link:
It is one of the leading electronic parts store online from Bangalore. It is a wholesaler as well as a retailer. The option of cash on delivery (COD) is available for major pin codes all over the India for ₹65 (For more information visit their website & refer cash on delivery policy). The best thing about this website is that it provides full detailed description of the product including power consumption, temperature, dimension, working etc.
Comkey is a wholesale distributor of SMD devices based in Bangalore. Their motives are to help R&D centers with its component. It provides all the latest technological products and devices available worldwide. Its sales the product worldwide as well as locally.
If you wanna products all related to robotics then this is the right place for you. It is one of the fastest-growing research, development and assembly houses. It is currently based in Gujarat.
the company claims to develop and sales cost-effective electronic solution for robotic application in industrial as well as for educational purposes.
It is the online component seller with more than 7 years of experience. They provide electronic items for hobbyists and engineers. They also supply bulk orders for industrial requirement wholesale deals. It also has an offline shop in Kolkata.
Anandtronics is online store of electronic components, semiconductors, integrated circuits, development tools and wireless products to medical, industrial, automotive sector. There is no Minimum order quantity for buying means you can order even a single product.
REES52 is formed by some IITians and experienced engineers from different industries, with an aim to reach out to millions of science students and engineer across all over India in the process of helping technology enthusiast to show their talent in robotics across world. Rees52 is an e-commerce store, also has store located in Delhi.
All above company sells/ sends electronics components to all major city in India including Mumbai, Pune, Banglore, Delhi, Kolkatta etc. So you can buy cheap electronic components online in almost all city in India.
Disclaimer:
All the logo used in the images in this article is Pvt. property & belongs to the respective brands and website, this website does not claim any of the logo and images.
IC LM2596 HV could be an alternative to LM 2596 dc to dc buck converter IC, if later is not available. Thus you can use an IC LM2596 HV dc to dc buck converter for the same purpose. Other than HV i.e, higher voltage operations, it has very similar working and specifications.
The LM2596 HV is a popular voltage regulator/ buck converter IC ideally suited for convenient design of a step−down or you can say step-up switching regulator. It is capable of driving a total load of 3.0 Amps with excellent line and load regulation.
In addition to the 3.3V, 5V, and 12V output version, this power converter has an adjustable output version as well.
In comparison with popular three-terminal linear regulators, the LM2596 HV buck converter is significantly more efficient due to its switch-mode power supply feature, especially when input voltage is high.
The LM2596 HV operates at a higher switching frequency of 150 kHz, which means smaller sized filter capacitors would be needed as compared to lower frequency switching regulators.
If talking of packaging, it is available in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several different lead bend options (check datasheet), the TO-263 D2PAK surface mount package and a SOP-8 surface mount package
Some of the main features include a maximum ±4{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance at output terminals when conditions are as specified, (when input voltage and load conditions are met).
It is Available in a fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output voltage range of 1.20 V − 57 V.
Maximum of 3.0 A output load current.
Available in TO-220, TO-263 and SOP-8 packages.
Wide input voltage range up to 60 Volts.
A 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator.
Requires only 4 external components.
TTL shutdown capability (for digital/ analog ON/OFF)
Low power standby mode – consumes as low as 30 uA when in standby.
Built-in thermal shutdown and current limit.
Schematic diagram of LM2596 HV dc to dc buck converter module:
Components required:
IC 2596 HV ADJ TO-220 dip package with heatsink, L1 = inductor = 68uH, R1 = 5kΩ, R2 = variable resistor 100kΩ or higher, C1 = 470uF 63V, C2 = 470uF 63V, Schottky switching diode = IN5822 (any alternative will work).
Check below circuit diagram for adjustable dc to dc buck converter using LM 2596 HV ADJ version of the IC.
The above image clearly shows the circuit connections/ wiring diagram. Please ensure that the input voltage must be (1.5 volts) higher than the required output voltage. Make sure to follow the “Circuit Design Rules” when implementing a PCB (printed circuit board) design.
In general, input could be between 4.5V and 60V. And the output could be derived in the range of 1.20V to 57V, and maximum up to 3 Amps.
The output of the circuit is determined by the FB (feedback voltage). We just needed to add resistor R1 and R2 to the feedback pin(4) as shown in the circuit diagram. The feedback voltage depends on the value of resistor R1 and R2. Thus, by adding a variable resistor, you can control the output voltage according to the following equation:
Vout = Vref(1+R2/R1)
Where, Vref= 1.23 Volts
And, R1 could be between 1KΩ to 5KΩ, choose R2 be a variable resistor.
Also check, 3.7v to 5v Boost Converter Circuit
Capacitors C1 and C3 are input filters that stabilize changes in DC input. Also, capacitors C2 and C4 are output filter capacitors.
If you are working on wide range input and output voltages. Then you must select the output capacitor accordingly (voltage ratings must be higher than that of operating voltage range, in this case 63V rated capacitors).
Choose capacitor values as shown on this post or recommended in the data sheets of respective ICs.
Check below circuit diagram for dc to dc buck converter using fixed version of the LM2596HV.
This is a 5v fixed version of the IC, you can use 3.3V and 12V versions of IC as well in the above circuit. (schematic would be same for all fixed version of LM2596 HV IC)
Pinout diagram of LM2596 HV:
There are five total pins on the LM2596 HV, TO-220 and TO-263, as follows:
Pin(1)= Input voltage pin= This pin connects the input supply with the input filter capacitor to prevent voltage spikes at input.
Pin(2)= Output pin (circuit is different for fixed regulators and Adj. version)
Pin(3)= Ground pin = This pin is connected to the ground and a heatsink.
Pin(4)= Feedback pin = This pin returns feedback voltage to the internal comparators for regulation.
Pin(5)= ON/OFF = It is a negative trigger terminal, this means grounding (0 volts) will enable and 1.3 V or higher volts will disable the operations of the internal circuit. This pin is used to standby the voltage regulator circuit to current consumption as low as 30uA.
There are eight total pins on the LM2596 HV, SOP-8 package, as follows:
Pin(5), Pin(6), Pin(7), Pin(8) = Gnd =This pin is connected to the supply ground.
Pin(1)= Vin = This pin is connected with unregulated input voltage.
Pin(2)= Vo = Required output is taken from this terminal.
Pin(3)= Fb= Feedback voltage is given to this terminal.
Pin(4)= On/Off = Enable or disable the regulator IC.
Applications of LM2596 HV series:
In the power supply circuits of li-ion battery chargers.
Any type of load that takes upto 3 Amperes.
Any devices where high efficiency step−down or step-up regulators are required.
Can be used as a high efficiency pre−regulator for better Linear Regulation.
(All the datasheets and IC’s nomenclature ownership belongs to the respective semiconductor company. The purpose of this post is to elaborate the applications of popular voltage regulators)
The LM2596 is a popular voltage regulator/ buck converter IC ideally suited for convenient design of a step−down, or you can say step-up switching regulator. With excellent line and load regulation, it can drive a total 3.0 Amps of load.
These power converters are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output. The device with an adjustable output version is internally compensated to minimize the number of external components to simplify the power supply design circuits.
In comparison with popular three-terminal linear regulators, the LM2596 buck converter is significantly more efficient due to its switch-mode power supply feature, especially when input voltage is high.
The LM2596 operates at a higher switching frequency of 150 kHz, which means smaller sized filter capacitors would be needed as compared to lower frequency switching regulators. If talking of packaging, it is available in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several lead bend options (check datasheet), and the D2PAK surface mount package.
Note: IC CA2596 could be an alternative to LM 2596 dc to dc buck converter IC, if later is not available. Thus, you can use an IC CA2596 dc to dc buck converter for the same purpose. It has very similar working and specifications, you can use the below-mentioned schematic for CA2596 or refer to the datasheet for details.
The main features include a max of ±4{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance at output terminals when specified input voltages and load conditions are met. External pin(5) is implemented to ON/OFF the power converter.
Available in a fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output voltage range of 1.23 V − 37 V.
Maximum of 3.0 A output load current guaranteed.
Available in TO-220 and TO-263 packages.
Wide input voltage range up to 40 Volts.
A 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator.
It requires only 4 external components.
TTL shutdown capability (for digital/ analog ON/OFF)
Low power standby mode, as low as 80 uA when in standby mode.
Internal thermal shutdown and current limit protection.
Schematic diagram of LM2596 dc to dc buck converter module:
Components required: IC 2596 TO-220 dip package with heatsink, L1 = inductor = 33uH, R1 = 5kΩ, R2 = variable resistor 100kΩ or higher, C1 = 100uF 50V, C2 = 220uF 50V, Schottky stitching diode = IN5822 (any alternative will work).
Check below circuit diagram for adjustable dc to dc buck converter using LM 2596 ADJ schematic of the IC.
The above image is self-explanatory in terms of wiring diagram/ circuit connections. Please ensure that the input voltage must be (1.5 volts) higher than the required output voltage. Also follow ‘Circuit Design Rules’ while implementing a PCB (printed circuit board) design.
In the general, input could be between 4.5V and 40V. And the output could be derived in the range of 1.23V to 35V, and maximum up to 3 Amps.
The output of the circuit depends on the FB (feedback voltage). We just needed to add R1 and R2 to the feedback pin(4) as shown in the schematic. The feedback voltage is dependent on the value of resistor R1 and R2. Thus, to make the output voltage controllable add a variable resistor and get the desired voltage according to the following formula:
Vout = Vref(1+R2/R1)
Where, Vref= 1.23 Volts
And, R1 could be between 1KΩ to 5KΩ, choose R2 be a variable resistor.
The capacitor C1/C3 are input filter capacitor that stabilize change in DC input going to the IC. Also, capacitor C2/C4 are output filter capacitors.
If you are working on full range input and output voltages. Then you must choose output capacitor accordingly (voltage ratings must be higher than that of operating voltage range).
Also choose capacitor value as shown on this post or that of recommended in datasheets of respective IC.
Check below circuit diagram for dc to dc buck converter using fixed version of the IC.
This is a 5v fixed version of the IC, you can use 3.3V and 12V version of IC as well in the above circuit. (schematic would be same for all fixed version of LM2596 IC)
Pinout diagram of LM2596:
There are five total pins on the LM2596, as follows:
Pin(1)= Input voltage pin= This pin connects the input supply with the input filter capacitor to prevent voltage spikes at input.
Pin(2)= Output pin (circuit is different for fixed regulators and Adj. version)
Pin(3)= Ground pin = This pin is connected to the ground and a heatsink.
Pin(4)= Feedback pin = This pin returns feedback voltage to the internal comparators for regulation.
Pin(5)= ON/OFF = It is a negative trigger terminal, this means grounding (0 volts) will enable and 1.3 V or higher volts will disable the operations of the internal circuit. This pin is used to standby the voltage regulator circuit to current consumption as low as 80uA.
Applications of LM2596 buck converter:
In power supply circuits of lithium-ion battery chargers
Any type of load that takes 3 Amperes of current.
Simple applications where high efficiency step−down or step-up regulators are required.
Can be used as a high efficiency pre−regulator for Linear Regulators.
Negative Step−Up Converters.
LM2596 Datasheet :
For more detailed technical information on this power converter, check lm2596 IC datasheet here. (All the datasheets and IC’s nomenclature ownership belongs to the respective semiconductor company. The purpose of this post is to elaborate the applications of popular voltage regulators)