Component ID

February 11 2024

8205A IC Datasheet PDF, Pin-out & Equivalent Mosfet IC

Here is the detailed information on the features, applications, uses, and specifications of this popular and most commonly found dual Mosfet 8205A IC with datasheet. If you are looking for a high current transistor to use in battery protection, load switching, or power management PCB circuit, this Dual MOSFET is designed in a way to meet your needs in lithium battery protection circuits. Also provided 8205A Datasheet.

8205a mosfet on bms

What is the 8205A IC on the lithium-ion battery protection PCB circuit?

8205A IC on the lithium-ion battery protection PCB circuit is dual Mosfet 8205a IC, its function is to control or halt the current through the battery in the situation or as signaled by the controller IC (e.g. DW-0, TP4056, etc.) in case of short circuit, over-current, over-voltage, or over-temperature or over discharge as specified by the controller IC.

8205A Datasheet

Below is the 8205a datasheet from HSMC for reference, download this datasheet at the bottom of the page. Please note that other than pinout/ pin number some specifications may vary slightly from manufacturer to manufacturer. But they can be used as an alternative to each other.

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8205A Pinout:

To understand the connections and functionality, let’s explore the pinout of the 8205A showing with the image that includes all 6 pin IC (SOT-26 package) and 8 pin IC (SOP-8 & TSSOP-8 package):

pinout diagram of 8 pin and 6 pin 8205a dual mosfet

Apart from the pinout diagram, the function and application circuit diagram will be the same for both 6 pin SOT-26 and 8 pin SOP-8.

The pin assignment for the 8205A 6 pin IC (SO-26 package) is described as follows:

Pin1 -> S1: Source 1
Pin2 -> D1: Drain 1
Pin3 -> S2: Source 2
Pin4 -> G2: Gate 2
Pin5 -> D2: Drain 2
Pin6 -> G1: Gate 1

(D1 = D2 = connected internally)

The pin assignment for the 8205A 8 pin IC (SOP-6 package) is described as follows:

Pin1 -> D1: Drain 1
Pin2 -> S1: Source 1
Pin3 -> S1: Source 1
Pin4 -> G1: Gate 1
Pin5 -> G2: Gate 2
Pin6 -> S2: Source 2
Pin7 -> S2: Source 2
Pin8 -> D2: Drain 2

(Pin1 = Pin8 = connected internally, also, Pin2 = Pin3, Pin6 = Pin7)

8205A Uses:

The main function of 8205A is to act as a control switch that regulates the flow of current in a circuit.

The 8205A MOSFET found in various circuits, including:

Lithium-ion Battery Protection circuit & Battery Management System: This MOSFET is commonly used in battery protection circuits and management circuits, which is then used for the safe and efficient operation of lithium-ion batteries.

Load Switching Circuit: Its ability to handle high power, current and fast switching makes it suitable for load switching applications in electronic devices.

8205A IC equivalent are 8205S, DMD9926, DMG6968 etc

Fs8205a datasheet, Rt8205a datasheet, Pw8205a datasheet all have similar specifications are equivalent. Download 8205A datasheet from here. And 8205S/ 8205A 6pin datasheet from here.

8205A vs 8205S specs

The 8205A and 8205S are both dual N-channel power MOSFETs, but they have some differences in their electrical characteristics and specifications.

The 8205A has a maximum drain-source voltage of 30V, while the 8205S has a maximum of 20V. The 8205A also has a higher maximum continuous drain current of 8A, compared to the 8205S, which has a maximum of 5A. (also subjected to the different manufacturer)

In terms of their electrical characteristics, the 8205A has a lower drain-source on-state resistance (RDS(on)) than the 8205S. Before reaching any conclusion, you must refer to the datasheet corresponding to the manufacturer or component provider.

At last, the choice between the 8205A and 8205S would depend on the specific requirements of the application, such as the maximum voltage and current needed, as well as the desired RDS(on) value. So, it can be said that 8205s can be replaced by 8205A.

8205A IC circuit diagram schematic:

Image showing internal circuit diagram of 8205A IC, the Drain terminals are shorted internally and available as Drain 1 Drain2 = D

internal circuit of dual mosfet 8205a IC

IRf540, mosfet, pin-out, symbol, n-channel, transistor

October 15 2023

IRF540, Datasheet PDF, Specification, Circuits, Pinout, Equivalent, Alternatives

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For the high-current switching application, the IRF540 MOSFET is one of the popular choice. The IRF540 stands out for its fast switching, rugged device design, low on resistance and cost-effectiveness.

In this article, we have discussed IRF540, check its pinout, equivalent, practical applications, distinctive features, as well as instruction on when and where to employ this high-current N-channel MOSFET.

IRf540, mosfet, pin-out, symbol, n-channel, transistor

Main Features:

Maximum Rated voltage across Drain & Source → Vdss=100V

Maximum operating current → Id = upto 28Amps

Gate voltage → VGS(th) = 2V to 4V

Resistance → R(DS)(on)= 77.0 mΩ or 0.077 Ω

Primary function → High current high speed switching.

Parameter overview:

The IRF540 MOSFET is designed for high-current application, having a remarkable 100 Volt drain-to-source voltage limit. Its gate trigger voltage, starting from up to 4V, making it suited to a low-voltage switching control applications as well. As a result of its exceptionally low drain-to-source resistance, the device has an operating current capacity of 100 Amp. With industry standard footprints, this device is available in surface mount and through-hole packages for ease of design.

All Features:

Package	TO-220	Transistor
Component	N-Channel	MOSFET
Drain to Source Voltage	100v	Max.
Continues Drain Current	28A	Max.
Voltage Required to Conduct	2V to 4V	Min. (threshold voltage)
Drain Source Resistance	0.077Ω	On state
Pulsed Drain Current	110A	Max.
Power Dissipation	50W	Max.
Switching time		@ Vdd=50V, Id=17A, Vgs=10V
Rise time	44nS	Typ.
Turn-On delay	11nS	Typ.
Turn-Off delay	53nS	Typ.
Fall time	43nS	Typ.
Internal Inductance & Capacitance	-	Check Datasheet below
Operating temperature	-55 to +175	Degree Centigrade

The below plot showing Typical Transfer Characteristics of MosFet:

-Id (Vs) -Vgs, @ Vds=50V, Pulsed Drain current @20µs with junction temperature maintained at 25°C and 175°C. It can be observed that this MOSFET can be used at as low as 2V-4V for lower current application of up to 5Amp. But for higher Load. Current you need to drive the gate with an appropriate voltage (Vgs) ensuring guaranteed optimal switching performance.

typical characterstics Id vs Vgs of IRF4905

For detail characteristic like Temp. vs Id, Vds vs Ids, check and refer to the IRF540 Datasheet below.

When working with the MOSFET IRF540 circuit, it’s essential to follow recommended practices, including:
Review the datasheet for detailed electrical characteristics and guidelines, especially when implementing N-channel applications. And ensure proper heat sinking to dissipate any generated heat effectively.

Application/ Uses:

High ruggedness and current capability make it an industry-standard choice. Widely available through distribution partners, ideal for 50W applications and drop-in replacements due to standard pinout.

Some of the application of IRF540 are: DC motors in reverse direction, inverters, SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supplies), lighting systems, load switches, and even battery-powered devices, reverse polarity protection.

Alternatives & Replacement for IRF450 are: IRF3205, IRFB7440, CJ340, etc

IR540 Datasheet PDF:

Download IR540 datasheet PDF here. (link)

IRF4905, mosfet, pin-out, symbol, n-channel, transistor

September 20 2023

IRF4905, Datasheet PDF, Specification, Pinout, Circuits, Alternatives

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In need of high-current switching application, the IRF4905 MOSFET is one of the preferred choice. The IRF4905 stands out for its reliability and efficiency, making it the preferred selection for applications requiring rapid switching speeds and the power control system.

In this article, we have discussed IRF4905, check its pinout, equivalent, practical applications, distinctive features, as well as instruction on when and where to employ this high-current P-channel MOSFET.

Main Features:

Maximum Rated voltage across Drain & Source → Vdss= -55V

Maximum operating current → Id = upto -74 Amps

Gate voltage → VGS(th) = -2V to -4V and lower

Resistance → R(DS)(on)= 20.0 mΩ or 0.02 Ω

Primary function → High current high speed switching.

Parameter overview:

The IRF4905 MOSFET is designed for high-current application, having a remarkable -55 Volt drain-to-source voltage limit. Its gate trigger voltage, starting from -2 volts up to -20V, making it suited to a low-voltage switching control applications as well. As a result of its exceptionally low drain-to-source resistance, the device has an operating current capacity of -79 Amp. With industry standard footprints, this device is available in surface mount and through-hole packages for ease of design.

All Features:

Package	TO-220,	Transistor
Nature	P-Channel	MOSFET
Drain to Source Voltage	-55v	Min.
Continues Drain Current	-74A	Max.
Voltage Required to Conduct	-2V to -4V	Min. (threshold voltage)
Drain Source Resistance	20.0Ω	On state
Pulsed Drain Current	-260A	Max.
Power Dissipation	200W	Max.
Switching time		@ Vdd=-28V, Id=-38A, Vgs=-10V
Rise time	99nS	Typ.
Turn-On delay	18nS	Typ.
Turn-Off delay	61nS	Typ.
Fall time	96nS	Typ.
Internal Inductance & Capacitance	-	Check Datasheet below
Operating temperature	-55 to +175	Degree Centigrade

The below plot showing Typical Transfer Characteristics of MosFet:

-Id (Vs) -Vgs, @ Vds=-25V, Pulsed Drain current @20µs with junction temperature maintained at 25°C and 175°C. It can be observed that this MOSFET can be used at as low as negative 2V-4V for lower current application of up to 5Amp. But for higher Load

Current you need to drive the gate with an appropriate voltage (-Vgs) ensuring guaranteed optimal switching performance.

For detail characteristic like Temp. vs Id, Vds vs Ids, check and refer to the IRF3205 Datasheet below.

When working with the MOSFET IRF4905 circuit, it’s essential to follow recommended practices, including:
Review the datasheet for detailed electrical characteristics and guidelines, especially when implementing P-channel applications. And ensure proper heat sinking to dissipate any generated heat effectively.

Application/ Uses:

High ruggedness and current capability make it an industry-standard choice. Widely available through distribution partners, ideal for low-frequency applications <100kHz and drop-in replacements due to standard pinout.

Some of the application of IRF4905 are: DC motors in reverse direction, inverters, SMPS (Switched-Mode Power Supplies), lighting systems, load switches, and even battery-powered devices, reverse polarity protection.

Alternatives & Replacement for IRF4950 are: IRF9540, IRFB7440, CJ340, etc

IR4905 Datasheet PDF:

Download IR4905 datasheet PDF here. (link)

September 14 2023

IRFZ44N, Datasheet PDF, Specification, Circuits, Pinout, Equivalent, Alternatives

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In high-current switching scenarios, the IRFZ44N MOSFET is a well-regarded choice. Such powerful transistors play crucial roles in various applications, including device and motor control. The IRF3205 is known for its durability and efficiency, making it a preferred option for tasks requiring very high speed switching and handling high power. Thus, comprehending the features and capabilities of this transistor is significant.

In this article, we’ll explore the IRFZ44N, including its pinout, equivalent components, practical uses, features, and how and where to use this high-current N-channel MOSFET.

The IRFZ44N, made by International Rectifier, is easily recognized by its part number prefix. It boasts low on-resistance, fast switching, and efficient HEXFET power MOSFET design, making it suitable for various commercial and industrial applications with power dissipation needs of up to around 50 watts, preferred TO-220 package.

Main Features:

Maximum Rated voltage across Drain & Source → Vdss= upto 55V

Maximum operating current → Id = upto 49 Amps

Gate voltage → VGS(th) = 2V – 4V and above

Resistance → R(DS)(on)= 17.50 mΩ

Primary function → High current high speed switching.

Parameter overview:
The IRFZ44N MOSFET is designed for high-power applications, with the ability to handle a drain-to-source voltage of up to 55 volts. Additionally, it can be triggered with a minimal gate voltage ranging from 2 to 4 volts and above it could be used, making it suitable for low-voltage control. Its maximum operating current of 49 amps is achieved thanks to its exceptionally low drain-to-source resistance of 17.5 milli-Ohms.

Package	TO-220	Transistor
Component	N-Channel	MOSFET
Drain to Source Voltage	55v	Max.
Continues Drain Current	49A	Max.
Voltage Required to Conduct	2V to 4V	Min. (threshold voltage)
Drain Source Resistance	17.5mΩ	On state
Pulsed Drain Current	160A	Max.
Power Dissipation	94W	Max.
Switching time		@ Vdd=28V, Id=25A, Vgs=10V
Rise time	60nS	Typ.
Turn-On delay	12nS	Typ.
Turn-Off delay	44nS	Typ.
Fall time	45nS	Typ.
Internal Inductance & Capacitance	-	Check Datasheet below
Operating temperature	-55 to +170	Degree Centigrade

While these figures represent the absolute maximum ratings, it’s advisable to operate this transistor at around 80% of these limits to ensure safe and reliable performance.
For detail characteristic like Vgs vs Id, Vds vs Ids, check and refer to the IRF3205 Datasheet below.

Make sure the MOSFET is connected properly to a heat sink when operated with a high current application over 2 Amps to ensure proper operation and to increase MOSFET life.

How to test IRFZ44N MOSFET if it is good or faulty?

(Removing the mosfet from the PCB improves the accuracy of the test)

Check Gate Source: In Diode Test mode, connect the positive probe to Gate (G) and the negative probe to Source (S). A voltage drop of around 0.5-0.7 volts indicates a good MOSFET.
Check Drain Source: Set the multimeter to M-Ohms (Resistance) mode and place the probes on Drain (D) and Source (S). A high resistance reading or “OL” (out of range) suggests a good MOSFET.

If the results don’t meet the specified criteria for either test, the MOSFET is likely faulty; otherwise, it is considered in good condition.
For more details on how to test MOSFET click here! (link)

Alternatives & Replacement:

IRFZ44N is very popular and widely available, but if you don’t find it available near you, then its consider alternatives.

The 1st and nearest IRFZ44N alternative is IRF3205, as its specifications are almost same & adding higher current handling capacity. Other alternatives are IRF1405, IRF1407, IRF540N, 2N7000, FDV301N IRF3305, IRFZ44N, IRFB3077, IRFB4110.

Check this 8205A dual Mosfet IC datasheet which is popular in battery protection circuit.

IRF3205 Vs IRFZ44N & Differences Comparison:

It seems like IRF3205 is optimized version of IRFZ44N, IRF3205 is optimized for higher current capability and lower channel resistance as compared to IRFZ44N. In this process of optimization, they have to trade off between operating current and switching time.
Thus, you can observe that the switching time of IRF3205 is lower; and the Maximum Drain Source current is higher (at 110A) than that of IRFZ44N (at 49A). Although the switching time has marginal difference of few nanoseconds, it has lesser to negligible effect on high current load switching.

MOSFET	IRF3205	IRFZ44N	(only main difference are:)
R(DS)(on)	8.0mΩ	17.5mΩ	Drain Source Resistance
Id (max operating current)	110A	49A	Continues Drain Source Current
Switching time	Lower	Higher	Check datasheet below for more

All the parameters as technically similar, so as to use them as an alternative/ replacement other than that of Maximum Load Current/ Drain Source Current.

Application/ Uses:

Automation devices for controlling loads in IoT application, Boost and buck converters, Solar inverters, DC motor speed control, Static Relay driver, SMPS (switch mode power supply), power inverters, embedded system, high-speed switching.

IRFZ44N Switch Circuit diagram for Arduino and General application:

Connecting an Arduino to the IRFZ44N is a simple process, which makes it adaptable for various applications, including IoT and as a relay driver for high-current loads like DC motors and DC Load. The following circuit illustrates how to connect a DC motor and load to the IRFZ44N MOSFET. Ensure proper pin connections to avoid short circuits, particularly for the drain and source.

Although not mandatory, but it’s recommended to include a Gate-Source resistor for circuit optimization. This versatility allowed due to the MOSFET’s ability to handle a wide range of input voltage and current, as indicated in the datasheet for this transistor. (refer the datasheet of this transistor).

For design purposes, you can consider using R(IN) with values of 100 Ohms or 220 Ohms and R(GS) with values of 10K or 100K-Ohm.

In the circuit diagram presented above, option (C) represents the simplest configuration for utilizing the IRF3205 to control various types of loads. Option (A) incorporates a fly-back diode in parallel to prevent reverse polarity voltage spikes from the DC motor, which can occur due to its inductive nature of a DC motor.

IRFZ44N Datasheet PDF:

Download IRFZ44N datasheet PDF here. (link)

September 10 2023

IRF3205, Datasheet PDF, Specification, Circuits, Pinout, Equivalent, Alternatives

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For high current switching applications, the IRF3205 MOSFET stands as a most popular and formidable player. As we know that high-powered devices plays an important role in various applications, from power amplifiers to motor control, so understanding its features, characteristics and capabilities is essential. This power MOSFET is renowned for its robustness and efficiency, making it a preferred choice for applications requiring high switching speeds and power handling capabilities.

In this post you get insights of IRF3205 pinout, application,schematic circuit, features, equivalent, and other details about how and where to use this high current N-channel MOSFET.

IRF3205 is manufactured by International Rectifier (now a part of Infineon Technologies), also prefix in the part number indicates the same. Extremely low on-resistance per silicon area, combined with the fast switching speed and high grade device design that HEXFET power MOSFETs are well known. At required power dissipation levels of up to approximately 50 watts, the low thermal resistance and low package cost, TO-220 packages are universally preferred in all commercial and industrial applications.

Main Features:

Maximum Rated voltage across Drain & Source → Vdss= upto 55V

Maximum operating current → Id = upto 110 Amps

Gate voltage → VGS(th) = 2V to 4V

Resistance → R(DS)(on)= 8.0 mΩ

Primary function → High current high speed switching.

Click here! for 9v to 5v converter circuit.

Parameter Insight:
IRF3205 power MOSFET is made for high power handling capability. It can handle drain to source voltage of up to 55 volts also The Gate voltage can be from 2 to 4 volts, i.e. can be turned on and off using a very small voltage as low as 2V. Its maximum operating current of 110 amps is achieved due to very low drain to source voltage of it mili-Ohm. These are the absolute maximum ratings, but to be on the safe side the operation of this transistor could be 80% of maximum ratings.

Package	TO-220	Transistor
Component	N-Channel	MOSFET
Drain to Source Voltage	55v	Max.
Gate to Source Voltage	±20V	Max.
Continues Drain Current	110A	Max.
Voltage Required to Conduct	2V to 4V	Min. (threshold voltage)
Drain Source Resistance	8mΩ	On state
Pulsed Drain Current	390A	Max.
Power Dissipation	200W	Max.
Switching time		@ Vdd=28V, Id=62A, Vgs=10V
Rise time	101nS	Typ.
Turn-On delay	14nS	Typ.
Turn-Off delay	50nS	Typ.
Fall time	65nS	Typ.
Internal Inductance & Capacitance	-	Check Datasheet below
Operating temperature	-55 to +170	Degree Centigrade

For detail characteristic like Vgs vs Id, Vds vs Ids, check and refer to the IRF3205 Datasheet below.

Always use proper heat sink if this mosfet is connected with high current application above 2 Amps to ensure proper operation and increase the life of MOSFET. If design is with space constrains, then you must solder mosfet ground to PCB metal ground.

How to test IRF3205 MOSFET if it is good or faulty?

(test are more accurate when it is done by removing mosfet from the PCB)

Check Gate Source: If multimeter display a voltage drop (around 0.5 to 0.7 volts) indicating a forward-biased when the positive probe (red) is connected to the gate (G) of the transistor IRF3205 and the negative probe (black) is connected to the source (S) in Diode Test mode.
Check Drain Source: If multimeter display a very high resistance (“OL” on the multimeter means ‘out of range’, means ‘open circuit’).

If any of the above, or both results are absent (or say don’t follow) then the MOSFET is faulty. Otherwise, it is good.

For more details on how to test MOSFET click here! (link)

Alternatives, Equivalent & Replacement:
It is very popular and widely available MOSFET in the market, but in case you don’t have availability then you can go with alternatives. The alternatives for IRF3205 are IRFZ44N, IRF1405, IRF1407, IRF3305, IRFB3077, IRFB4110, IRF540N, 2N7000, FDV301N. Check this p channel power mosfet IRF4905

Application:
Switching applications for controlling loads in IoT devices, Boost and buck converters, Solar inverters, DC motor speed control, Relay driver, SMPS (switch mode power supply), power inverter, embedded system, automation applications.

IRF3205 Datasheet PDF:

Download IRF3205 datasheet PDF here. (link)

IRF3205 Switch Circuit diagram:

Interface the Arduino with IRF3205 is quite simple, also it can be used anywhere for IoT applications or use as a relay drive for driving or controlling the high current load like DC motor, lamp. The below circuit showing how to connect a DC motor and a DC load to IRF 3205 MOSFET. Make sure you connect the pin of MOSFET according to the pin diagram shown above. Drain and source connection should be taken care of to avoid short circuit.

It is not requisite to connect R(GS) and R(IN). But it is recommended to use Gate-Source resistor for circuit optimization. This is because this MOSFET is very versatile and design to handle wide variety of input voltage and current (refer the datasheet of this transistor).

For design purpose, you could use R(IN) = 100 Ohm or 220 Ohm; R(GS)= 10K or 100K

The circuit (C) in above image is the simplest form you can use IRF3205 for driving any kind of the load. The circuit (A) has a fly back diode used in parallel as shown is for preventing the reverse polarity voltage pulse from the DC motor due to inductive in nature.

IRF3205 Inverter circuit:

The IRF3205 inverter circuit is commonly used as 12V DC DIY inverters to get 110/230V AC, especially in medium to high-power applications. Inverters are the circuits that convert direct current (DC) from the battery into alternating current (AC). They find widespread use in various applications, including uninterruptible power supplies (UPS), solar inverters, motor drives, and more.

Here’s the feature that make IRF3205 MOSFET is implemented in inverter circuits, high power switching, PWM control, fast switching speed up to (100nS), high efficiency heat-dissipation, simple driving circuit.

The above circuit is designed using the CD4047 IC. The CD4047 is a CMOS oscillator/divider IC that can be configured to generate a square wave output, which is then used to drive a pair of complementary transistors or MOSFETs to create an AC output of 120/230V. The CD4047 IC is configured in astable mode to produce a square wave oscillation of frequency 50/60 Hz. It generates two output signals, Q and ~Q, with a 50{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} duty cycle. You can read more on working of n-channel mosfet here.

July 4 2023

Logic Gate Simulator Download Free

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April 5 2022

LM2596 HV dc to dc buck converter module, datasheet, schematic

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IC LM2596 HV could be an alternative to LM 2596 dc to dc buck converter IC, if later is not available. Thus you can use an IC LM2596 HV dc to dc buck converter for the same purpose. Other than HV i.e, higher voltage operations, it has very similar working and specifications.

The LM2596 HV is a popular voltage regulator/ buck converter IC ideally suited for convenient design of a step−down or you can say step-up switching regulator. It is capable of driving a total load of 3.0 Amps with excellent line and load regulation.

In addition to the 3.3V, 5V, and 12V output version, this power converter has an adjustable output version as well.
In comparison with popular three-terminal linear regulators, the LM2596 HV buck converter is significantly more efficient due to its switch-mode power supply feature, especially when input voltage is high.

The LM2596 HV operates at a higher switching frequency of 150 kHz, which means smaller sized filter capacitors would be needed as compared to lower frequency switching regulators.
If talking of packaging, it is available in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several different lead bend options (check datasheet), the TO-263 D2PAK surface mount package and a SOP-8 surface mount package

Also check, LM2596 dc to dc buck converter in detail

Features of LM2596 series:

Some of the main features include a maximum ±4{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance at output terminals when conditions are as specified, (when input voltage and load conditions are met).

It is Available in a fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output voltage range of 1.20 V − 57 V.
Maximum of 3.0 A output load current.
Available in TO-220, TO-263 and SOP-8 packages.
Wide input voltage range up to 60 Volts.
A 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator.
Requires only 4 external components.
TTL shutdown capability (for digital/ analog ON/OFF)
Low power standby mode – consumes as low as 30 uA when in standby.
Built-in thermal shutdown and current limit.

Schematic diagram of LM2596 HV dc to dc buck converter module:

Components required:

IC 2596 HV ADJ TO-220 dip package with heatsink, L1 = inductor = 68uH, R1 = 5kΩ, R2 = variable resistor 100kΩ or higher, C1 = 470uF 63V, C2 = 470uF 63V, Schottky switching diode = IN5822 (any alternative will work).

Check below circuit diagram for adjustable dc to dc buck converter using LM 2596 HV ADJ version of the IC.

The above image clearly shows the circuit connections/ wiring diagram. Please ensure that the input voltage must be (1.5 volts) higher than the required output voltage. Make sure to follow the “Circuit Design Rules” when implementing a PCB (printed circuit board) design.

In general, input could be between 4.5V and 60V. And the output could be derived in the range of 1.20V to 57V, and maximum up to 3 Amps.

The output of the circuit is determined by the FB (feedback voltage). We just needed to add resistor R1 and R2 to the feedback pin(4) as shown in the circuit diagram. The feedback voltage depends on the value of resistor R1 and R2. Thus, by adding a variable resistor, you can control the output voltage according to the following equation:

Vout = Vref(1+R2/R1)

Where, Vref= 1.23 Volts

And, R1 could be between 1KΩ to 5KΩ, choose R2 be a variable resistor.

Also check, 3.7v to 5v Boost Converter Circuit

Capacitors C1 and C3 are input filters that stabilize changes in DC input. Also, capacitors C2 and C4 are output filter capacitors.

If you are working on wide range input and output voltages. Then you must select the output capacitor accordingly (voltage ratings must be higher than that of operating voltage range, in this case 63V rated capacitors).
Choose capacitor values as shown on this post or recommended in the data sheets of respective ICs.

Check below circuit diagram for dc to dc buck converter using fixed version of the LM2596HV.

This is a 5v fixed version of the IC, you can use 3.3V and 12V versions of IC as well in the above circuit. (schematic would be same for all fixed version of LM2596 HV IC)

Pinout diagram of LM2596 HV:

There are five total pins on the LM2596 HV, TO-220 and TO-263, as follows:

Pin(1)= Input voltage pin= This pin connects the input supply with the input filter capacitor to prevent voltage spikes at input.

Pin(2)= Output pin (circuit is different for fixed regulators and Adj. version)

Pin(3)= Ground pin = This pin is connected to the ground and a heatsink.

Pin(4)= Feedback pin = This pin returns feedback voltage to the internal comparators for regulation.

Pin(5)= ON/OFF = It is a negative trigger terminal, this means grounding (0 volts) will enable and 1.3 V or higher volts will disable the operations of the internal circuit. This pin is used to standby the voltage regulator circuit to current consumption as low as 30uA.

There are eight total pins on the LM2596 HV, SOP-8 package, as follows:

Pin(5), Pin(6), Pin(7), Pin(8) = Gnd =This pin is connected to the supply ground.

Pin(1)= Vin = This pin is connected with unregulated input voltage.

Pin(2)= Vo = Required output is taken from this terminal.

Pin(3)= Fb= Feedback voltage is given to this terminal.

Pin(4)= On/Off = Enable or disable the regulator IC.

Applications of LM2596 HV series:

In the power supply circuits of li-ion battery chargers.
Any type of load that takes upto 3 Amperes.
Any devices where high efficiency step−down or step-up regulators are required.
Can be used as a high efficiency pre−regulator for better Linear Regulation.

LM2596 HVS Datasheet of IC:

For more detailed technical information on this power converter, check lm2596HVS IC datasheet here.

(All the datasheets and IC’s nomenclature ownership belongs to the respective semiconductor company. The purpose of this post is to elaborate the applications of popular voltage regulators)

April 3 2022

IC LM2596 dc to dc buck converter module, schematic, datasheet

smt Blog, Circuits, Component ID

The LM2596 is a popular voltage regulator/ buck converter IC ideally suited for convenient design of a step−down, or you can say step-up switching regulator. With excellent line and load regulation, it can drive a total 3.0 Amps of load.

These power converters are available in fixed output voltages of 3.3V, 5V, 12V, and an adjustable output. The device with an adjustable output version is internally compensated to minimize the number of external components to simplify the power supply design circuits.

In comparison with popular three-terminal linear regulators, the LM2596 buck converter is significantly more efficient due to its switch-mode power supply feature, especially when input voltage is high.

The LM2596 operates at a higher switching frequency of 150 kHz, which means smaller sized filter capacitors would be needed as compared to lower frequency switching regulators. If talking of packaging, it is available in a standard 5−lead TO−220 package with several lead bend options (check datasheet), and the D2PAK surface mount package.

Note: IC CA2596 could be an alternative to LM 2596 dc to dc buck converter IC, if later is not available. Thus, you can use an IC CA2596 dc to dc buck converter for the same purpose. It has very similar working and specifications, you can use the below-mentioned schematic for CA2596 or refer to the datasheet for details.

Also check, specifications of LM2596 HV series.

Features of LM2596 series:

The main features include a max of ±4{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance at output terminals when specified input voltages and load conditions are met. External pin(5) is implemented to ON/OFF the power converter.

Available in a fixed 3.3V, 5V, 12V and an adjustable output voltage range of 1.23 V − 37 V.
Maximum of 3.0 A output load current guaranteed.
Available in TO-220 and TO-263 packages.
Wide input voltage range up to 40 Volts.
A 150 kHz fixed frequency internal oscillator.
It requires only 4 external components.
TTL shutdown capability (for digital/ analog ON/OFF)
Low power standby mode, as low as 80 uA when in standby mode.
Internal thermal shutdown and current limit protection.

Schematic diagram of LM2596 dc to dc buck converter module:

Components required:
IC 2596 TO-220 dip package with heatsink, L1 = inductor = 33uH, R1 = 5kΩ, R2 = variable resistor 100kΩ or higher, C1 = 100uF 50V, C2 = 220uF 50V, Schottky stitching diode = IN5822 (any alternative will work).

Check below circuit diagram for adjustable dc to dc buck converter using LM 2596 ADJ schematic of the IC.

The above image is self-explanatory in terms of wiring diagram/ circuit connections. Please ensure that the input voltage must be (1.5 volts) higher than the required output voltage. Also follow ‘Circuit Design Rules’ while implementing a PCB (printed circuit board) design.

In the general, input could be between 4.5V and 40V. And the output could be derived in the range of 1.23V to 35V, and maximum up to 3 Amps.

Also check the LM2596 Resistor Calculator Tool Here!

The output of the circuit depends on the FB (feedback voltage). We just needed to add R1 and R2 to the feedback pin(4) as shown in the schematic. The feedback voltage is dependent on the value of resistor R1 and R2. Thus, to make the output voltage controllable add a variable resistor and get the desired voltage according to the following formula:

Vout = Vref(1+R2/R1)
Where, Vref= 1.23 Volts
And, R1 could be between 1KΩ to 5KΩ, choose R2 be a variable resistor.

Also check, 3.7v to 5v Boost Converter Circuit

The capacitor C1/C3 are input filter capacitor that stabilize change in DC input going to the IC. Also, capacitor C2/C4 are output filter capacitors.

If you are working on full range input and output voltages. Then you must choose output capacitor accordingly (voltage ratings must be higher than that of operating voltage range).
Also choose capacitor value as shown on this post or that of recommended in datasheets of respective IC.

Check below circuit diagram for dc to dc buck converter using fixed version of the IC.

This is a 5v fixed version of the IC, you can use 3.3V and 12V version of IC as well in the above circuit. (schematic would be same for all fixed version of LM2596 IC)

Pinout diagram of LM2596:

There are five total pins on the LM2596, as follows:

Pin(1)= Input voltage pin= This pin connects the input supply with the input filter capacitor to prevent voltage spikes at input.

Pin(2)= Output pin (circuit is different for fixed regulators and Adj. version)

Pin(3)= Ground pin = This pin is connected to the ground and a heatsink.

Pin(4)= Feedback pin = This pin returns feedback voltage to the internal comparators for regulation.

Applications of LM2596 buck converter:

In power supply circuits of lithium-ion battery chargers
Any type of load that takes 3 Amperes of current.
Simple applications where high efficiency step−down or step-up regulators are required.
Can be used as a high efficiency pre−regulator for Linear Regulators.
Negative Step−Up Converters.

LM2596 Datasheet :

For more detailed technical information on this power converter, check lm2596 IC datasheet here.
(All the datasheets and IC’s nomenclature ownership belongs to the respective semiconductor company. The purpose of this post is to elaborate the applications of popular voltage regulators)

July 5 2021

10k Resistor Color Code- All Resistor Guide

smt Component ID

Resistor values are indicated by color-coded bands on a cylindrical looking shape, which can sometimes be difficult to interpret for someone who are not familiar with the resistor color code methodology. In this article, we will discuss the 10k resistor ohm resistor color code by looking at each band and step by step how to calculate the resistor’s value. Understanding resistor color codes is a knowledgeable skill for anyone from the electronics/ electrical field, and hope that this article will serve as a useful guide for beginners.

Image showing 10k resistor color code :

The 10k resistor color code is as shown in the image, it is Brown – Black – Orange – Gold. Importantly note that the color code of resistors does not depend on the power rating of resistor, the power rating of the resistor depends on its physical size and comes under standard wattage rating of 1/4 W,1/2W,1W,10W, etc.

Representational image Of 10k Ohm Resistor Color Code:

[Brown- Black- Orange- Gold]

Band	Color	Value (see table)
1st brown		1
2nd black		10
3rd orange		1000
4th gold		±5%
	1×10×1000=	10k±5%Ω

Link to 4 Band Resistor Color Code Calculator Tool for All Resistor values. Scroll down below to learn about the color code of all resistors and code chart.

Link to Online 5 Band Resistor Color Code Calculator Tool

Real Image Of 10k ohm resistor color code:

Also check, 10k smd resistor code
1k ohm resistor color code

Real value Of 10k ohm Resistor Color Code (with tolerance):

The digital multi-meter reads slightly more or less the value of the actual 10k resistor color code. This is because the 10k resistor color code last band tolerance value reads as a gold band which is 5%.

If you want to determine the value of any resistor then below are the steps to do it the easy way (color code of resistors):

Resistors are made from a mixture of carbon black or powdered graphite clay and resin binder the mixture is molded into the rods by compression or heating and then wire leads are fixed at the ends. Such registers are called carbon composition resistors.

The other types of resistors are carbon film resistors, metal film resistors, and wire-wound resistors. The color code of the resistor indicates the value of resistance and its percentage reliability for tolerance.

Check here the Current Calculator Ohms Law

The resistor has four colored bands or rings printed on the outer casing as shown in the figure:

But nowadays resistor also has five color band on its outer casing. The reason for this is the value of the register for high-end usage in modern industries and manufacturing.

The colored bands are read from left to right from the lead that has band close to it. The 1st and 2nd band represent (and 3rd in case of 5 band resistor) significant digits respectively. The 3rd band in the case of 4 band resistor band represents the multiplier (and 4th band in case of 5 band resistor represents the multiplier).

If the 4th band is absent the tolerance will be 20% (in case of 5 band resistor take it as 5th band).

Tolerance can be +- 2 % : 5 % : 10 % : 20 %

The significance digit of the resistor color is as shown in the table:

Colour	Significant Digit	SignificantDigits	Multiplier	Tolerance
	1st band	2nd band	3rd Band	4th Band
Black	0	0	10^0= 1	-
Brown	1	I	10^1= 10	-
Red	2	2	10^2 =100	-
Orange	3	3	10^3	-
Yellow	4	4	10^4	-
Green	5	5	10^5	-
Blue	6	6	10^6	-
Violet	7	7	10^7	-
Gray	8	8	10^8	-
White	9	9	10^9	-
Gold	-	-		+/-5%
Silver	-	-		+/-10%
No colour	-	-		+/-20%

Examples for 4 band color code:

1) If the bands on the body of the resistor are red, red, orange and gold, then the resistor value is 22 *10^3 and its tolerance is 5% that is 22 kΩ +- 5%

2) If the band on the body of the resistor is brown, black, Brown and silver then the resistor value is 10*10^1 Ω and its tolerance is + – 10% that is 100Ω + – 10%. This shows the value of resistance lies between 90Ω and 110 Ω.

3) The resistor of value 47*10^6 Ω+- 20% will have the color code yellow, violet, blue and 4th band will be absent.

Examples for 5 band color code:

1) If the bands on the body of the resistor are red, red, black, orange and gold then the resistor value is 220 *10^3 and its tolerance is 5% that is 220 kΩ+- 5%

2)The resistor of value 470*10^6 Ω+- 20% will have the color code yellow, violet, black, blue and 5th band will be absent.

Question for practice:

Q.The color band on the resistor is in the order grey, black, black then find its resistance and tolerance?
Ans. The answer is 81 + – 20%ohm.

September 29 2020

100k ohm resistor color code- 4 band

smt Component ID

100k ohm resistor color code with 5{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} tolerance is as shown below:

You can calculate the resistance of any resistor using this online 4 Band Resistor Color Code Calculator Tool

100k ohm resistor color code:

Brown, Black, Yellow, Gold

Band	Color	Value
1st Brown		1 (1st digit)
2nd Black		0 (2nd digit)
3rd Yellow		10000 multiplier
4th Gold		5% tolerence
	practical value can be found using a multi-meter	100K±5% ohms is its theoretical value.

Actual value of 100k Ohm resistor is calculated as:

1st band= Brown= 1 (1st digit)

2nd band= Black= 0 (2nd digit)

3rd band= Yellow= 4(multiplier)= 10000

4th band= Gold= ±5{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} (tolerance)

Therefore, 10×1000000±5{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} ==> 1000000Ω ==> 100KΩ

And tolerance considered as ==> 5{42041a7992ac3be9e9e29c856254fb498d8c7935d7cf8512da6802e8688e734a} of 100K ==>5000Ω

Final assumed value of 100KΩ resistor is between 95 kΩ to 105 kΩ

Other methods:

First remove the resistor from PCB then test it with a digital multi-meter in resistance mode and note down its value. It needs to be separated from PCB so as to avoid the equivalent parallel resistance from around resistors in the circuit.
So, 100 Kilo-Ohm resistor color code is brown-black-yellow-gold

Also, check 1mega ohm/ 1M ohm resistor color code

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